Rig Veda Sukta 11
Mandala 5Sukta 116 Mantras

Sukta 11

Sukta 5.11

Devata

Agni

Himne singkat kepada Agni ini menampilkan beliau sebagai penjaga rakyat yang senantiasa terjaga dan sebagai daya kependetaan yang bercahaya, yang menuntun kaum Bharata di jalan yang benar. Ditekankan kehadiran Agni yang universal “di setiap rumah”, perannya sebagai utusan ilahi dan pembawa persembahan, serta penemuan purbanya oleh para Angirasa: api tersembunyi yang dimunculkan melalui penggesekan (pengadukan) untuk menyalakan api.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 5.11

Mantras

Mantra 1

जनस्य गोपा अजनिष्ट जागृविरग्निः सुदक्षः सुविताय नव्यसे । घृतप्रतीको बृहता दिविस्पृशा द्युमद्वि भाति भरतेभ्यः शुचिः ॥

Penjaga umat manusia telah lahir—Agni, yang terjaga, sempurna kemahirannya—untuk tuntunan benar yang baru dan senantiasa segar. Berwajah cahaya ghee (ghṛta) yang jernih, agung dan menyentuh langit, ia bersinar gemilang; yang suci bagi kaum Bharata.

Mantra 2

यज्ञस्य केतुं प्रथमं पुरोहितमग्निं नरस्त्रिषधस्थे समीधिरे । इन्द्रेण देवैः सरथं स बर्हिषि सीदन्नि होता यजथाय सुक्रतुः ॥

Para lelaki menyalakan Agni, tanda pertama dan imam yang ditempatkan di depan—ketua bagi yajña—di tiga tempat duduk. Bersama Indra dan para dewa, seiring dalam satu kereta, ia duduk di atas barhis; sebagai Hotṛ ia menetap untuk persembahan, berkehendak terang (śukra-kratu).

Mantra 3

असम्मृष्टो जायसे मात्रोः शुचिर्मन्द्रः कविरुदतिष्ठो विवस्वतः । घृतेन त्वावर्धयन्नग्न आहुत धूमस्ते केतुरभवद्दिवि श्रितः ॥

Engkau lahir dari Sang Ibu tanpa campuran dan tanpa noda, suci; penggugah yang riang, seorang kavi. Engkau bangkit dari Vivasvat. Dengan ghee (ghṛta) mereka membesarkanmu, wahai Agni, ketika engkau dipersembahkan; asapmu menjadi panjimu, ditegakkan di langit.

Mantra 4

अग्निर्नो यज्ञमुप वेतु साधुयाग्निं नरो वि भरन्ते गृहेगृहे । अग्निर्दूतो अभवद्धव्यवाहनोऽग्निं वृणाना वृणते कविक्रतुम् ॥

Semoga Agni datang ke yajña kami melalui jalan yang baik. Manusia membawa Agni dari rumah ke rumah. Agni telah menjadi dūta, pembawa persembahan (havyavāhana); memilih Agni, mereka memilih kehendak-kavi (kavi-kratu), kecerdasan yang tahu bertindak.

Mantra 5

तुभ्येदमग्ने मधुमत्तमं वचस्तुभ्यं मनीषा इयमस्तु शं हृदे । त्वां गिरः सिन्धुमिवावनीर्महीरा पृणन्ति शवसा वर्धयन्ति च ॥

Wahai Agni, bagi-Mu inilah sabda yang paling manis bermadu; bagi-Mu kiranya pancaran-budi ini menjadi damai bagi hati. Kidung-kidung memenuhi-Mu sebagaimana sungai-sungai agung memenuhi samudra; oleh daya-jiwa mereka menambah-Mu dan membuat-Mu bertumbuh.

Mantra 6

त्वामग्ने अङ्गिरसो गुहा हितमन्वविन्दञ्छिश्रियाणं वनेवने । स जायसे मथ्यमानः सहो महत्त्वामाहुः सहसस्पुत्रमङ्गिरः ॥

Engkau, wahai Agni, ditemukan oleh para Angirasa—tersembunyi dalam rahasia, bersemayam di tiap rimba. Engkau lahir oleh pengadukan, suatu daya besar yang perkasa; manusia menyebut-Mu Putra Kekuatan, wahai Angiras.

Inside Sukta 11

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    Agni is born as the people’s vigilant guardian—radiant, skilled, and newly guiding toward the right path.

  2. Development

    Agni’s universality is stressed: humans bear him in every home; he functions as priestly power and as the divine messenger who makes offering effective.

  3. Climax

    The revelation of Agni as kavikratu—choosing Agni is choosing inspired, effective intelligence that knows how to act and how to carry the sacrifice to the gods.

  4. Where it settles

    The hymn closes by recalling the primeval discovery of the hidden fire by the Angirases and his birth by churning—Agni as ‘Son of Strength,’ firmly established for worship.

The deity: Agni

  • In the VedaAgni is the ever-wakeful, skillful fire with a “face of ghee” (ghṛta-pratīka), shining vast and heaven-touching, born for the people as their protector; he is carried into every house and serves as dūta (messenger) and havyavāhana (oblation-bearer).
  • Cosmic functionMediator between humans and gods: he conveys offerings upward, brings divine powers downward, and sustains the sacrificial order that harmonizes the worlds.
  • Inner significanceThe awakened will and discerning intelligence (kavi-kratu) that transforms raw impulse into right action; the inner fire of aspiration discovered in “secret places” and kindled by disciplined effort (churning).

The seer

  • VasiṣṭhaVasiṣṭha gotra (Vasiṣṭhas) · One of the foremost ṛṣis of the Rig Veda, celebrated for profound Agni hymns and for shaping the devotional and ritual voice of Maṇḍala 7; revered in later tradition as a paradigmatic priest-sage (purohita).

Famous verses

जनस्य गोपा (janasya gopā)
Verse 5.11.1Defines Agni’s core identity in this hymn: guardian of the people, wakeful and perfectly skilled, shining vast and heaven-touching for the Bharatas.Read verse 5.11.1 →
अग्निर्दूतो... हव्यवाहनः (agnir dūto... havyavāhanaḥ)
Verse 5.11.4Summarizes Agni’s ritual theology: present in every home, the messenger and oblation-bearer; choosing him is choosing kavikratu (seer-will).Read verse 5.11.4 →
सहसस्पुत्रम् (sahasas putram)
Verse 5.11.6Links domestic/ritual fire to the mythic origin: found hidden by the Angirases and born through churning, named the Son of Strength.Read verse 5.11.6 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Jāgṛvi (wakeful, vigilant)
  • Gopā (guardian/protector)
  • Sudakṣa (perfectly skilled)
  • Ghṛtapratīka (ghee-faced, radiant with clarified light)
  • Dūta (messenger)
  • Havyavāhana (carrier of offerings)
  • Kavikratu (seer-will, wise effective intelligence)
  • Sahasas putra (son of strength)

Also by this seer

  • Rig Veda Maṇḍala 7 (majority attributed to Vasiṣṭha and his lineage)
  • Numerous Agni and Varuṇa hymns noted for ethical and cosmic order (ṛta) themes
  • Later Vedic-Itihāsa tradition associates Vasiṣṭha with royal priesthood and dharma instruction (smṛti/itihāsa reception)

The rite, step by step

  • Prepare the altar/vedi and clean the ritual space; seat the household or sacrificial fire.
  • Kindle or rekindle Agni (including araṇi-churning in solemn contexts), remembering the hidden fire “found” by the Angirases.
  • Recite the sukta as āvāhana (invocation), asking Agni to come by the good path and preside over the yajña.
  • Offer oblations into the fire while affirming Agni as dūta and havyavāhana who carries the gift to the gods.
  • Conclude with a request for right-leading (suvitāya) and communal protection, aligning the sacrificers with ṛta.

Offerings

  • Ghṛta (clarified butter/ghee)
  • Samidhs (kindling sticks)
  • Havis (general oblation: grains/cakes as per rite)
  • Optional soma/juice offerings in soma contexts (as applicable)

Frequently Asked Questions

It presents Agni as the community’s protector and the guiding power of the sacrifice—radiant, wakeful, and skilled—who carries offerings to the gods and leads people on the right path.

Because fire is both a household reality and a sacred presence: Agni is invoked wherever the domestic fire is tended, making everyday life and ritual part of one sacred order.

It means Agni embodies a seer-like intelligence and effective will—the power to know the right way to act and to make the sacrifice succeed.

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