Rig Veda 10.78.7: Mandala 10, Sukta 78, Mantra 7

Sukta 10.78

Devata: Maruts (hymn-level), portrayed with Uṣas and Sindhu imagery

Chandas: Triṣṭubh/Jagatī uncertain without full scan

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उषसां न केतवोऽध्वरश्रियः शुभंयवो नाञ्जिभिर्व्यश्वितन् । सिन्धवो न ययियो भ्राजदृष्टयः परावतो न योजनानि ममिरे ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.78.7

Transliteration

uṣásāṃ na ketávo’dhvara-śriyàḥ śubhaṃ-yávo nā́ñji-bhir vy-àśvitan | síndhavo na yayíyo bhrā́ja-dṛṣṭayaḥ parāváto na yójanāni mamire ||

Translation

Seperti panji-panji Uṣas (Fajar), yang memperindah adhvara (kurban suci), mereka membentang dengan kilau-kilau kemuliaan; seperti sungai-sungai mereka mengalir dan mengembara, tombak-tombak mereka berkilat di pandangan, mengukur jarak-jarak jauh seakan dari seberang sana.

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Word by Word

• उषसाम्: of the dawns
• उषसाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• केतवः: rays, banners (signals)
• केतवः: कर्तृ (of implied/understood verb ‘are/shine’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: केतु (प्रातिपदिक)

• अध्वरश्रियः: having the splendor of the rite (sacrificial)
• अध्वरश्रियः: कर्तृ/विशेषण (qualifying ‘केतवः’)
• Type: Adjective (substantival)
• Root: अध्वर-श्री (समास; प्रातिपदिक)

• शुभंयवः: swiftly-yoking / well-yoking
• शुभंयवः: कर्तृ/विशेषण (appositional to the subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुभं-यु (समास; प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• अञ्जिभिः: with (their) unguents/ointments; with adornments
• अञ्जिभिः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: अञ्जि (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, forth (intensively)
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग)

• अश्वितन्: they sped forth / they coursed
• अश्वितन्: कर्तृ (subject: the rays/they)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अश्व् (धातु; ‘to speed like a horse’)

• सिन्धवः: rivers
• सिन्धवः: कर्तृ (in simile)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• ययियः: swift-going, coursing
• ययियः: कर्तृ/विशेषण (qualifying ‘सिन्धवः’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ययि (प्रातिपदिक; from √या ‘to go’)

• भ्राजदृष्टयः: having shining spears/points (lit. ‘shining-sighted/pointed’)
• भ्राजदृष्टयः: कर्तृ/विशेषण (appositional epithet)
• Type: Adjective (bahuvrīhi) / Noun-like epithet
• Root: भ्राजत्-दृष्टि (समास; प्रातिपदिक)

• परावतः: from far away
• परावतः: अपादान
• Type: Noun/Adjective (used adverbially)
• Root: परावत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• योजनानि: stages, yokes; distances (leagues)
• योजनानि: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: योजन (प्रातिपदिक)

• ममिरे: they have measured / they measured out
• ममिरे: कर्तृ (subject: they = the rays/streams etc.)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मा (माने/मितौ ‘to measure’)