Rig Veda 8.45.3: Mandala 8, Sukta 45, Mantra 3
Sukta 8.45
Devata: Indra
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अयुद्ध इद्युधा वृतं शूर आजति सत्वभिः । येषामिन्द्रो युवा सखा ॥
Transliteration
ayúddha íd yudhā́ vṛtáṃ śūra ā́jati sátvabhiḥ | yeṣām índro yúvā sákhā ||
Translation
Lagta hai uske paas koi hathiyar nahi hai, phir bhi woh ladai mein aage badhta hai. Woh dushmano ko peeche dhakel deta hai apni taakat se. Aisa karne wale logon ka Indra dost banta hai, woh bhi hamesha jawan.
Word by Word
अयुद्धःunfought, not engaging in battle
अयुद्धः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootयुध् (धातु) / अ- (निषेध) + युद्ध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
इत्indeed, just
इत्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइद्/इत् (निपात)
युधाby/with battle, by fighting
युधा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootयुध् (धातु) → युधा (तृतीया एकवचन, साधनवाचक)
वृतम्the chosen/selected (one); the encompassed/covered (object)
वृतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootवृ (धातु) → वृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, भूतकृदन्त)
शूरःthe hero, the brave one
शूरः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootशूर (प्रातिपदिक)
आtowards, unto
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग)
जतिcomes/approaches; advances
जति:
—
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (धातु) / जि? (धातु) — वैदिक रूप; √जन् ‘to be born/come’ → (आ)जति
सत्वभिःwith strengths/powers; with vigorous forces
सत्वभिः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootसत्व (प्रातिपदिक)
येषाम्of whom, whose
येषाम्:
—
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
युवाyoung
युवा:
Kartā (as qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootयुवन् (प्रातिपदिक) → युवा (वैदिक/छान्दस रूप)
सखाfriend, companion
सखा:
Kartā (predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक) → सखा (प्रथमा एकवचन)
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