Rig Veda 8.45.2: Mandala 8, Sukta 45, Mantra 2
Sukta 8.45
Devata: Indra
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
बृहन्निदिध्म एषां भूरि शस्तं पृथुः स्वरुः । येषामिन्द्रो युवा सखा ॥
Transliteration
bṛhánn íd idhmá eṣāṃ bhū́ri śastáṃ pṛthúḥ sváruḥ | yeṣām índro yúvā sákhā ||
Translation
Jinke yahan Agni ke liye bahut lakdi hoti hai aur jo bahut tareef karte hain. Jinke liye raasta khula hota hai aur chamak hoti hai. Indra un sabka dost ban jaata hai, woh bhi hamesha jawan reh kar.
Word by Word
बृहत्great, lofty
बृहत्:
Kartā (कर्तृ-पदस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootबृह् (वृद्धौ) / प्रातिपदिक: बृहत्
निदिध्मेwe have kindled / we have set (it) down (ritually)
निदिध्मे:
Kartā (वाक्यस्य क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootधा (धारणे) with नि- + दिध्म (intensive/iterative base)
एषाम्of these / of them
एषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: “of them”)
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
भूरिmuch, abundant
भूरि:
विशेषण (परिमाण/बहुत्व)
TypeIndeclinable (used adjectivally)
Rootभूरि (अव्यय/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
शस्तम्praised, celebrated
शस्तम्:
Karma/Predicative (स्तुत्यत्वे—“praised”)
TypeAdjective (PPP)
Rootशंस् (स्तुतौ) → कृत: शस्त (PPP) / प्रातिपदिक: शस्त
पृथुःbroad, wide
पृथुः:
Kartā (कर्तृ-पदस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootपृथु (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
स्वरुःthe stake/peg (ritual post)
स्वरुः:
Kartā (मुख्य-कर्तृपदम्)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वरु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘स्वरु’ = stake/peg; also ritual implement)
येषाम्of whom
येषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: “of whom/whose”)
TypePronoun (relative)
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Kartā (कर्तृ)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (देवनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
युवाyoung
युवा:
Kartā (इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootयुवन् (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक; nom. sg. m. ‘युवा’)
सखाfriend, companion
सखा:
Kartā (समानााधिकरणम्—इन्द्रः = सखा)
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक; nom. sg. m. ‘सखा’)
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