Rig Veda 4.3.1: Mandala 4, Sukta 3, Mantra 1

Sukta 4.3

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Mandala 4)

Devata: Agni (with Rudra-epithet/force invoked as king and hotṛ)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.3; verse-length and cadence fit the dominant meter of this section)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ वो राजानमध्वरस्य रुद्रं होतारं सत्ययजं रोदस्योः । अग्निं पुरा तनयित्नोरचित्ताद्धिरण्यरूपमवसे कृणुध्वम् ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 4.3.1

Transliteration

ā vo rājānam adhvarásya rudráṃ hotā́raṃ satyá-yajaṃ rodasyoḥ | agníṃ purā tanayitnór acittā́d híraṇya-rūpam ávase kṛṇudhvam ||

Translation

Yagya ke raja Rudra ko lao. Woh dono duniya ke sachche pujari hain. Agni ko sona jaisa bana do jo humare kaam aaye. Woh purana hai aur shakti se paida hua hai. Jo chupa hai use bhi jaga do.

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Word by Word

• आ: hither, towards
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• वः: for you; of you
• वः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्

• राजानम्: the king
• राजानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्

• अध्वरस्य: of the sacrifice (adhvara)
• अध्वरस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्वर

• रुद्रम्: Rudra
• रुद्रम्: Karma (apposition to राजानम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र

• होतारम्: the Hotṛ-priest (invoker)
• होतारम्: Karma (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ

• सत्ययजम्: the true sacrificer
• सत्ययजम्: Karma (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्य-यज (प्रातिपदिक; ‘true’ + ‘sacrificing’)

• रोदस्योः: of Heaven and Earth
• रोदस्योः: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रोदसी (द्विवचन-प्रातिपदिक; ‘heaven-and-earth’)

• अग्निम्: Agni
• अग्निम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि

• पुरा: formerly, of old
• पुरा: Adhikaraṇa (temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुरा

• तनयित्नोः: of the begetter/offspring (tanayitnu)
• तनयित्नोः: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: तनयित्नु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘offspring/lineage’/‘begetting’ sense, Vedic)

• अचित्तात्: from the unperceived/unknown (state/source)
• अचित्तात्: Apādāna
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अ-चित्त (प्रातिपदिक; ‘unperceived/unknown’)

• हिरण्यरूपम्: golden-formed
• हिरण्यरूपम्: Karma (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हिरण्य-रूप (प्रातिपदिक; ‘golden-formed’)

• अवसे: for help, for protection
• अवसे: Sampradāna (purpose/benefit)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘aid, protection’)

• कृणुध्वम्: make (him), establish; do
• कृणुध्वम्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (करणे)