Rig Veda 4.2.18: Mandala 4, Sukta 2, Mantra 18

Sukta 4.2

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Agni (narrative of divine birth; ancillary mythic figures Urvaśī)

Chandas: Tr̥ṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ यूथेव क्षुमति पश्वो अख्यद्देवानां यज्जनिमान्त्युग्र । मर्तानां चिदुर्वशीरकृप्रन्वृधे चिदर्य उपरस्यायोः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 4.2.18

Transliteration

ā́ yū́theva kṣu-máti paśvó akhyad devā́nāṃ yáj jánimā́nty ùgra | mártānāṃ cid urváśīr akṛpran vṛdhé cid aryá úparasy āyóḥ ||

Translation

Jaise ek herd aata hai, waise hi yeh shaktiyaan dikhin. Jab bhagwanon ka janam paas aaya toh woh dikhin. Insaanon ke liye bhi Urvasi jaisi chamakdar sochein bani. Bade aadmi ne bhi upar wali shakti dhundh li badhne ke liye.

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Word by Word

• आ: towards, hither
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga) अथवा ā (avyaya)

• यूथेव: like a herd
• यूथेव: —
• Type: Indeclinable (simile phrase)
• Root: यूथ (prātipadika) + इव (avyaya)

• क्षुमति: in prosperity; in a thriving state
• क्षुमति: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्षुमत् (adj. prātipadika)

• पश्वः: of cattle
• पश्वः: Sambandha (genitival relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशु (prātipadika)

• अख्यत्: he/it perceived; he made known
• अख्यत्: Kriyā (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ख्या (ख्यायते/आख्याति) ‘to see, perceive, proclaim’

• देवानाम्: of the gods
• देवानाम्: Sambandha (genitival)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (prātipadika)

• यत्: what; that which
• यत्: Karma (of ‘अख्यत्’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun)

• जनिम: birth; origin
• जनिम: Karma (apposition to यत्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनि (prātipadika; from √जन्)

• अन्ति: near; in the presence of
• अन्ति: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्ति (avyaya)

• उग्र: O mighty one
• उग्र: Sambodhana
• Type: Adjective (vocative)
• Root: उग्र (adj. prātipadika)

• मर्तानाम्: of mortals
• मर्तानाम्: Sambandha (genitival)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्त (prātipadika)

• चित्: even; indeed
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (avyaya)

• उर्वशीः: the Urvaśīs (nymphs); wide-shining ones
• उर्वशीः: Kartā (of ‘अकृप्रन्’)
• Type: Noun (proper/common)
• Root: उर्वशी (prātipadika)

• अकृप्रन्: they made ready; they prepared/arranged
• अकृप्रन्: Kriyā (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृप्/कॢप् (Vedic) ‘to be fitting/ready; to arrange’ (aorist plural)

• वृधे: for increase; for growth
• वृधे: Sampradāna (purpose/beneficiary)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृध् (prātipadika from √वृध् ‘to grow’) / वृध (noun ‘growth, increase’)

• चित्: even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (avyaya)

• अर्यः: the Arya; the noble man
• अर्यः: Kartā (implicit with following relation; or topic noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्य (prātipadika)

• उपरस्यायोः: of/in the two upper regions; of the two heights
• उपरस्यायोः: Adhikaraṇa / Sambandha (contextual: ‘in/at’ or ‘of’ the two upper regions)
• Type: Adjective (dual gen./loc.)
• Root: उपर (prātipadika) + स्य (possessive/relational) → उपरस्य (adj.)