Rig Veda Sukta 27
Mandala 4Sukta 275 Mantras

Sukta 27

Sukta 4.27

Rishi

Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional for RV 4.27)

Devata

Soma/Śyena narrative (self-referential ṛṣi voice; also linked to Indra-Soma complex)

Chandas

Triṣṭubh (probable)

This brief but intense hymn speaks in Vāmadeva’s self-referential voice, blending mystical autobiography with the Soma-Śyena myth: the seer knows the gods’ births even from the womb and breaks free like a falcon from iron fortresses. The narrative then turns to the perilous theft/bringing of Soma past the guardian Kṛśānu, culminating in Soma’s ritual availability as Indra’s exhilarating draught. Its purpose is to sacralize Soma’s acquisition and to proclaim inspired knowledge as a liberating, heaven-reaching power.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 4.27

Mantras

Mantra 1

गर्भे नु सन्नन्वेषामवेदमहं देवानां जनिमानि विश्वा । शतं मा पुर आयसीररक्षन्नध श्येनो जवसा निरदीयम् ॥

Even while I was in the womb, I came to know by seeking all the births of the gods. A hundred iron fortresses guarded me; then as the Falcon, by speed of force, I broke out and flew forth—freeing the hidden knower from the imprisoning walls.

Mantra 2

न घा स मामप जोषं जभाराभीमास त्वक्षसा वीर्येण । ईर्मा पुरंधिरजहादरातीरुत वाताँ अतरच्छूशुवानः ॥

He did not carry me away from my delight; rather he pressed upon me with shaping force and hero-power. Then Purandhi cast off the denials, and, growing ever more intense, I crossed beyond the winds—beyond the restless motions of the life-breath into a steadier vastness.

Mantra 3

अव यच्छ्येनो अस्वनीदध द्योर्वि यद्यदि वात ऊहुः पुरंधिम् । सृजद्यदस्मा अव ह क्षिपज्ज्यां कृशानुरस्ता मनसा भुरण्यन् ॥

When the Falcon swooped downward, and when the winds of heaven drove and tossed the plenitude, then—letting it go for him—Kṛśānu the archer hurled down the bowstring; yet the Falcon, rushing with mind’s swift turning, bore onward and did not lose the treasure of delight.

Mantra 4

ऋजिप्य ईमिन्द्रावतो न भुज्युं श्येनो जभार बृहतो अधि ष्णोः । अन्तः पतत्पतत्र्यस्य पर्णमध यामनि प्रसितस्य तद्वेः ॥

The straight-winged one—like Bhujyu rescued by the Indra-powers—bore it from the Vast, from the lofty summit. Flying within, the wing of the winged moved; then, on the journey of the released impulse, he knew that decisive way—how the higher delight can be carried safely into life.

Mantra 5

अध श्वेतं कलशं गोभिरक्तमापिप्यानं मघवा शुक्रमन्धः । अध्वर्युभिः प्रयतं मध्वो अग्रमिन्द्रो मदाय प्रति धत्पिबध्यै शूरो मदाय प्रति धत्पिबध्यै ॥

Then the bounteous Indra set in front for drinking the white vessel, anointed with the rays, swelling with the bright Soma-essence. Prepared by the Adhvaryus, the first crest of sweetness—Indra, the hero, placed it before him for ecstasy: to drink and become mightier in the truth-force.

Inside Sukta 27

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    A startling declaration of prenatal knowledge: the seer claims awareness of all the gods’ births even ‘in the womb,’ framed as a questing insight.

  2. Development

    The hymn turns to liberation imagery—iron fortresses and a sudden breakout—identifying the escape with the swift Śyena (falcon) motif that carries the precious essence.

  3. Climax

    The dramatic contest of conveyance: the falcon’s downward swoop amid winds and the guardian Kṛśānu’s attack, yet the treasure is not lost.

  4. Where it settles

    Soma arrives into ritual order: the bright, swelling essence is placed in the white vessel, and Indra sets it before him to drink for ecstasy and power.

The deity: Soma

  • In the VedaSoma is the radiant pressed draught (andhaḥ), sweet and exhilarating, guarded in mythic space and won by daring flight; once obtained, it is set forth in the shining vessel for Indra to drink and become empowered.
  • Cosmic functionMediator between heaven and earth: a life-giving essence that strengthens the gods (especially Indra), sustains ṛta through sacrifice, and links mortal ritual to celestial vitality.
  • Inner significanceThe ‘Soma won by the falcon’ symbolizes ecstatic insight and liberated consciousness: inspiration that breaks confinement, crosses obstacles, and becomes a drinkable experience of clarity, strength, and truth-force.

The seer

  • Vāmadeva GautamaGautama gotra (Vāmadeva as a Gautama seer) · A prominent Rigvedic ṛṣi of Mandala 4, famed for visionary, self-referential hymns that unite inner realization (brahmavidyā) with ritual power—especially themes of liberation, inspired speech, and Soma.

Famous verses

garbhe nu san… śyeno javasā nir adīyam
Verse 4.27.1Core mystical-autobiographical statement: prenatal knowing and the decisive ‘breakout’ as Śyena, establishing the hymn’s union of inner realization with mythic action.Read verse 4.27.1 →
अव यच्छ्येनो अस्वनीदध द्योर्वि यद्यदि वात ऊहुः पुरंधिम् । सृजद्यदस्मा अव ह क्षिपज्ज्यां कृशानुरस्ता मनसा भुरण्यन् ॥
Verse 4.27.3Mythic turning point: the perilous flight with Soma against Kṛśānu’s defense, portraying the winning of the divine essence through speed, mind, and resolve.Read verse 4.27.3 →
indro madāya prati dhat pibadhyai
Verse 4.27.5Ritual culmination: Soma’s arrival as a prepared offering; Indra’s placement of the shining vessel ‘for drinking’ ties the myth directly to the Soma ceremony.Read verse 4.27.5 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Sweet (madhu), intoxicating-ecstatic (mada)
  • Radiant/white, purified essence
  • Won from guarded realms; ‘brought down’ to ritual
  • Empowers Indra for heroic action
  • Associated with inspired knowledge and release from bonds

Also by this seer

  • Rig Veda Mandala 4 (many hymns traditionally attributed to Vāmadeva)
  • Hymns to Indra, Soma, Agni, and the Viśve Devāḥ within RV 4 that emphasize poetic inspiration (dhī) and victory-power (ojas)

The rite, step by step

  • Prepare the Soma (pressing/purification) and set it in the kalaśa (vessel).
  • Recite the hymn to recall Soma’s winning/bringing (Śyena episode) and to invoke safe conveyance and right possession of the draught.
  • Offer Soma with proper handling by the Adhvaryu priests; present the ‘first crest of sweetness’ to Indra.
  • Invite Indra to drink for mada (ecstatic might) and confirm the rite’s success through praise and reaffirmation of ṛṣi-vision.

Offerings

  • Pressed Soma (andhaḥ) in the kalaśa
  • Libations of Soma to Indra
  • Associated ritual accompaniments typical of Soma service (e.g., clarified butter in connected acts, though this hymn centers on Soma)

Frequently Asked Questions

It blends the seer Vāmadeva’s claim of extraordinary early knowledge with the myth of the falcon (Śyena) bringing Soma from a guarded realm, ending with Soma offered for Indra to drink.

The ‘iron fortresses’ symbolize strong confinement—mythic and inner. The breakout as the falcon suggests liberation: inspired knowledge and divine essence cannot be permanently imprisoned.

Kṛśānu appears as a guardian/archer who tries to stop or strike the falcon during the Soma-bringing episode. His presence highlights the danger and difficulty of obtaining Soma.

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