
Sukta 3.20
Agni, Uṣas, Aśvins, Dadhikrāvan (collective invocation)
This short hymn is a dawn-time collective invocation that calls Agni together with Uṣas, the Aśvins, and Dadhikrāvan, asking the “gods of good light” to hear and move with the sacrifice. It widens into an inclusive summons of major divine powers (Bṛhaspati, Savitṛ, Mitra-Varuṇa, Bhaga, Vasus, Rudras, Ādityas), presenting the yajña as a coordinated journey guided by luminous order and right movement.
Mantra 1
अग्निमुषसमश्विना दधिक्रां व्युष्टिषु हवते वह्निरुक्थैः । सुज्योतिषो नः शृण्वन्तु देवाः सजोषसो अध्वरं वावशानाः ॥
At the breakings of dawn the carrier invokes with hymns Agni, Ushas, the Ashvins, and Dadhikrāvan. May the gods of good light hear us, consenting together, eager for the journey of sacrifice and its forward movement.
Mantra 2
अग्ने त्री ते वाजिना त्री षधस्था तिस्रस्ते जिह्वा ऋतजात पूर्वीः । तिस्र उ ते तन्वो देववातास्ताभिर्नः पाहि गिरो अप्रयुच्छन् ॥
O Agni, three are your powers of plenitude, three your seats of establishment; three are your tongues, born of the Truth, ancient in their working. Three too are your bodies moved by the gods’ breath; by these protect us—so that our words may not fail or fall away from the path.
Mantra 3
अग्ने भूरीणि तव जातवेदो देव स्वधावोऽमृतस्य नाम । याश्च माया मायिनां विश्वमिन्व त्वे पूर्वीः संदधुः पृष्टबन्धो ॥
O Agni Jātavedas, divine and self-powered, many are your names of immortality. And the manifold powers of formation—those of the formers who drive the whole—have from of old been harmonized in you, O knower who binds the worlds together.
Mantra 4
अग्निर्नेता भग इव क्षितीनां दैवीनां देव ऋतुपा ऋतावा । स वृत्रहा सनयो विश्ववेदाः पर्षद्विश्वाति दुरिता गृणन्तम् ॥
Agni is the leader, like Bhaga, of the divine peoples; a god guarding the seasons, founded in the Truth. He, the slayer of the coverer, the winner, the all-knower—may he carry across the one who chants, beyond all difficulties and wrong passages.
Mantra 5
दधिक्रामग्निमुषसं च देवीं बृहस्पतिं सवितारं च देवम् । अश्विना मित्रावरुणा भगं च वसून्रुद्राँ आदित्याँ इह हुवे ॥
I call here Dadhikrāvan, and Agni, and the divine Dawn; I call Bṛhaspati and Savitṛ the god. I call the Aśvins, Mitra-Varuṇa, and Bhaga; and I call here the Vasus, the Rudras, and the Ādityas—powers to establish the right movement within us.
It opens the sacrifice at dawn by calling Agni and other dawn-associated powers to hear the hymns and move together to advance the yajña safely and successfully.
The sukta treats the ritual as a coordinated journey: different divine functions—fire, dawn, healing speed, order and inspiration—must consent together for right movement (ṛta) and protection.
Dadhikrāvan is praised as a swift, victorious power (often linked with a racing horse energy) that helps propel the rite forward, removing obstacles and strengthening momentum.