Arthashastra 3.13.2 - Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 13, Sutra 2

Kautilya

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Arthashastra 3.13.2: Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 13, Sutra 2

Devanagari script

परजनस्य पूर्वमध्यमोत्तमवधा दण्डाः क्रेतृश्रोतृऋणां च ॥

Recitation with translationArthashastra 3.13.2

Transliteration

parajanasya pūrva-madhyama-uttama-vadhā daṇḍāḥ kretṛ-śrotṛ-ṛṇāṃ ca

Translation

অন্যের ব্যক্তি/পরজনাকে নিয়ে লেনদেন করলে দণ্ড প্রথম, মধ্যম ও সর্বোচ্চ স্তরে নির্ধারিত; এবং দায় ক্রেতা, ‘শ্রোতা/সম্মতিদাতা’ (মধ্যস্থ/অনুমোদক) ও ঋণদাতার ওপরও বর্তায়।

Word by Word

परजनस्यof an outsider/foreigner (lit. of another person/people)

पूर्वfirst/lowest (grade)

मध्यमmiddle (grade)

उत्तमhighest (grade)

वधाःexecutions/capital punishments

दण्डाःpenalties/punishments

क्रेतृof buyers

श्रोतृof hearers/witnesses

ऋणांof debts (i.e., in matters of debt)

चand

Entities Mentioned

another person (parajana)

buyer

intermediary/consenter (śrotṛ)

creditor

state/judge

FAQs

What policy tool is used here to curb abuses involving persons?

A graded penalty schedule plus extending culpability to the market participants (buyer/intermediary/creditor), not only the primary wrongdoer.

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