Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 102, Shloka 26

पितृमरणश्रवणं जलक्रिया च

Hearing of Daśaratha’s death and the libation rites at Mandākinī

Devanagari script

प्रगृह्य च महीपालो जलपूरितमञ्जलिम्।दिशं याम्यामभिमुखो रुदन्वचनमब्रवीत्।।।।

Transliteration

pragṛhya ca mahīpālo jalapūritam añjalim | diśaṃ yāmyām abhimukho rudan vacanam abravīt ||

Translation

罗摩，这位大地之主，以合掌掬起满捧清水；面向南方——阎摩所司之方——含泪开口说道。

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रमवाचक अव्यय

• मन्दाकिनी-तीरात्: from the bank of Mandakini
• मन्दाकिनी-तीरात्: Apadana (अपादान; source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मन्दाकिनी (प्रातिपदिक) + तीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: मन्दाकिन्याः तीरम्; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (Ablative/अपादान), एकवचन

• प्रत्युत्तीर्य: having climbed up (to the bank)
• प्रत्युत्तीर्य: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण; prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तॄ (धातु; तरति) उपसर्ग-प्रति + उत् + ल्यप्
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund): ‘having come up/crossed back to the bank’

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता; subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम; प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• राघवः: Rama (Raghava)
• राघवः: Karta (कर्ता; subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राघव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सः इत्यस्य विशेष्य

• पितुः: for (his) father
• पितुः: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान; beneficiary)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन; ‘for father’ अर्थे षष्ठी-प्रयोगः (genitive of relation/purpose)

• चकार: performed/made
• चकार: Kriyā (क्रिया; main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• तेजस्वी: radiant/mighty
• तेजस्वी: Karta (कर्ता; subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तेजस्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (राघवः)

• निर्वापम्: funeral offering (nivāpa)
• निर्वापम्: Karma (कर्म; object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निर्वाप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• भ्रातृभिः: with (his) brothers
• भ्रातृभिः: Saha (सह; accompaniment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental/सह), बहुवचन

• सह: together with
• सह: Saha (सह; accompaniment marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: सहार्थक अव्यय (with)

Context

Rama, the ruler of the earth, held water with both palms cupped and, facing the south, the direction of Yama (the god of death) said these words, sobbing:

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Yama
• Southern direction (yāmyā diś)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Righteous conduct includes performing prescribed rites with sincerity: Rāma follows ritual propriety (añjali of water, facing the south) while openly honoring grief rather than denying it.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma prepares to offer water and speak a dedication to his departed father during the ancestral rite.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Reverence and ritual exactness combined with emotional truthfulness (satya of feeling).