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Shloka 48

Adhyaya 74King Svarashtra, the Deer-Queen’s Curse, and the Rise of Tamasa Manu

तामसीं भजमानायां योनिं मातर्यजायत ।

तमसा चावृते लोके तामसोऽयं भविष्यति ॥

tāmasīṃ bhajamānāyāṃ yoniṃ mātary ajāyata / tamasā cāvṛte loke tāmaso 'yaṃ bhaviṣyati

وہ ایسی ماں سے پیدا ہوا جو تامسی رحم میں داخل ہوئی تھی؛ اور چونکہ دنیا تاریکی سے ڈھکی ہوئی تھی، اس لیے وہ ‘تامس’ کہلائے گا۔

tāmasīmdark, tamasic
tāmasīm:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottāmasī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् to 'yonim'
bhajamānāyāmwhile (she) was resorting to/engaging in
bhajamānāyām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Root√bhaj (धातु) + bhajamāna (कृदन्त)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle, शतृ/शानच्; ātmanepada sense), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; सति-सप्तमी (locative absolute)
yonimwomb, birth-state
yonim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyoni (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
mātariin/with the mother
mātari:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
ajāyatawas born
ajāyata:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√jan (धातु)
Formलङ्-लकार (Imperfect, past), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद (Ātmanepada)
tamasāby darkness
tamasā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Roottamas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (and)
āvṛtewhen (it is) covered
āvṛte:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootā-√vṛ (धातु) + āvṛta (कृदन्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त (PPP); सप्तमी, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सति-सप्तमी with 'loke'
lokein the world
loke:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootloka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
tāmasaḥtamasic, of darkness
tāmasaḥ:
Pradhāna-viśeṣaṇa (प्रधान-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottāmasa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (predicative) to 'ayam'
ayamthis (one)
ayam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
bhaviṣyatiwill be
bhaviṣyati:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (धातु)
Formलृट्-लकार (Simple Future), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
Mārkaṇḍeya narrating (sages’ rationale implied)
Name etymology (nirukti)Guṇa theory (tamas)Cosmic darkness motifEpochal characterization

FAQs

Purāṇic naming often encodes circumstance and character: the verse ties identity to guṇa-influence and the ambient condition of the world, implying that leaders arise shaped by their time.

Manvantara-adjacent Vamśānucarita: the naming ‘Tāmasa’ helps classify the figure within the larger epochal/Manu narrative.

‘Darkness covering the world’ can symbolize collective ignorance; the emergence of a Manu-figure even in tamas hints that order can be instituted amid decline, though colored by the prevailing guṇa.