Shloka 47

Adhyaya 74 — King Svarashtra, the Deer-Queen’s Curse, and the Rise of Tamasa Manu

Sanskrit

ततस्तस्यर्षयः सर्वे समेत्य मुनिसत्तम ।

अवेक्ष्य भाविनीमृद्धिं नाम चक्रुर्महात्मनः ॥

Transliteration

tatas tasyarṣayaḥ sarve sametya muni-sattama / avekṣya bhāvinīm ṛddhiṃ nāma cakrur mahātmanaḥ

Translation

پھر، اے بہترین سادھو، سب رِشی جمع ہوئے؛ آنے والی خوشحالی دیکھ کر انہوں نے اس عظیم النفس کو ایک نام عطا کیا۔

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla/Anubandha (काल/अनुबन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रमबोधक (then/thereupon)

• tasya: of him
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन

• ṛṣayaḥ: sages
• ṛṣayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• sarve: all
• sarve: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् to 'ṛṣayaḥ'

• sametya: having assembled
• sametya: Kriyā-pūrvakāla (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sam-√i (धातु) + sametya (क्त्वान्त)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययीभावरूप (gerund/absolutive); पूर्वक्रिया (prior action): 'having assembled/come together'

• muni-sattama: O best of sages
• muni-sattama: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muni (प्रातिपदिक) + sattama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास: 'munīnām sattamaḥ' (best of sages); सम्बोधन-प्रथमा (Vocative/Nominative form used as address), एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• avekṣya: having observed
• avekṣya: Kriyā-pūrvakāla (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ava-√īkṣ (धातु) + avekṣya (क्त्वान्त)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त (gerund); 'having observed/considered'

• bhāvinīm: future, forthcoming
• bhāvinīm: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhāvinī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् to 'ṛddhim'

• ṛddhim: prosperity, greatness
• ṛddhim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• nāma: a name
• nāma: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'name' as object of 'cakruḥ' (to make/give a name)

• cakruḥ: they made, they gave
• cakruḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• mahātmanaḥ: of the great-souled (one)
• mahātmanaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā-ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास: 'mahān ātmā yasya' (great-souled); पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya narrating; addressing a ‘munisattama’ in the larger frame

Key Themes

• Rishi authority
• Nāmakaraṇa (naming) as recognition of destiny
• Prophetic insight

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The sages represent discerning tradition: they recognize potential and align social identity (name) with dharmic destiny, emphasizing guidance by wisdom rather than impulse.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Vamśānucarita: a standard dynastic motif where sages legitimize and interpret the significance of a birth within the unfolding lineage.

What is the esoteric significance?

Naming is portrayed as a performative act: speech (vāc) crystallizes destiny by assigning a defining vibration/identity to the emerging ruler-principle.