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Shloka 13

Adhyaya 27Madālasa’s Instruction to King Alarka: Royal Ethics, Self-Conquest, and Statecraft

कामः क्रोधश्च लोभश्च मदो मानस्तथैव च ।

हर्षश्च शत्रवो ह्येते विनाशाय महीभृताम् ॥

kāmaḥ krodhaś ca lobhaś ca mado mānas tathaiva ca /

harṣaś ca śatravo hy ete vināśāya mahībhṛtām

خواہش، غضب، حرص، مَد (تکبر سے پیدا ہونے والا فریب)، غرور اور حد سے بڑھی ہوئی سرشاری—یہی بادشاہوں کے دشمن ہیں، جو ہلاکت کا سبب بنتے ہیں۔

कामःdesire
कामः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootकाम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
क्रोधःanger
क्रोधः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय (conjunction)
लोभःgreed
लोभः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootलोभ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय (conjunction)
मदःpride/intoxication
मदः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
मानःarrogance
मानः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
तथाand likewise
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb) ‘thus/so’
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formनिपात/particle (emphasis)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय (conjunction)
हर्षःelation
हर्षः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootहर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय (conjunction)
शत्रवःenemies
शत्रवः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात/particle (emphasis/reason)
एतेthese
एते:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
विनाशायfor destruction
विनाशाय:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Dative-purpose)
TypeNoun
Rootविनाश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन; purpose ‘for destruction’
महीभृताम्of kings
महीभृताम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootमही + भृत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; ‘of earth-bearers’ = kings
Didactic instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s nīti/rājadharma discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DharmaKingshipAriṣaḍvarga (six inner foes)Ethics

FAQs

The greatest threats to leadership are affective extremes: not only lust, anger, and greed, but also arrogance, pride, and even unrestrained delight—because they distort judgment and justice.

Ancillary ethical teaching; not pancalakṣaṇa.

These ‘enemies’ correspond to recurring mental waves (vṛttis) that dethrone discernment (viveka). The inclusion of harṣa highlights that attachment to pleasure is as binding as aversion.