Shloka 14

Adhyaya 27 — Madālasa’s Instruction to King Alarka: Royal Ethics, Self-Conquest, and Statecraft

Sanskrit

कामप्रसक्तमात्मानं स्मृत्वा पाण्डुं निपातितम् ।

निवर्तयेत्तथा क्रोधादनुह्रादं हतात्मजम् ॥

Transliteration

kāmaprasaktam ātmānaṃ smṛtvā pāṇḍuṃ nipātitam /

nivartayet tathā krodhād anuhrādaṃ hatātmajam

Translation

کام کی وابستگی سے پست ہونے والے پاندو کو یاد کر کے آدمی کو اپنے آپ کو قابو میں رکھنا چاہیے؛ اور اسی طرح غصّے میں اپنے ہی بیٹے کو قتل کرنے والے انوہْراد کو بھی یاد رکھے۔

Word by Word

• कामप्रसक्तम्: attached to desire
• कामप्रसक्तम्: Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: काम (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रसक्त (कृदन्त from सञ्ज्/सज् with प्र-)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘attached to desire’

• आत्मानम्: oneself
• आत्मानम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• स्मृत्वा: having remembered
• स्मृत्वा: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्मृ (धातु) (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (Gerund/Absolutive)

• पाण्डुम्: Pāṇḍu
• पाण्डुम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of स्मृत्वा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; proper noun

• निपातितम्: brought down
• निपातितम्: Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि + पत् (धातु) (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘caused to fall/ruined’

• निवर्तयेत्: should desist/turn back
• निवर्तयेत्: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि + वृत् (धातु) (णिच् causative)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; ‘should turn back/should desist’

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb) ‘likewise’

• क्रोधात्: from anger
• क्रोधात्: Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रोध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; cause ‘from/because of anger’

• अनुह्रादम्: Anuhrāda
• अनुह्रादम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of implied स्मृत्वा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुह्राद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; proper noun

• हतात्मजम्: bereft of (his) son
• हतात्मजम्: Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हत (कृदन्त from हन्) + आत्मज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘whose son was slain’ / ‘having slain son’ (context: ‘bereft of son’)

Speakers

• Didactic instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s nīti/rājadharma discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Exempla (itihāsa-style)
• Self-restraint
• Consequences of desire and anger

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The Purāṇa teaches through remembered exemplars: desire can topple even the eminent, and anger can invert parental duty into violence—therefore restraint is a ruler’s (and person’s) safeguard.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic-ethical narrative allusion; not pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

Pāṇḍu represents the fall of discrimination under craving; Anuhrāda represents the mind’s rage destroying its own ‘offspring’—good intentions and cultivated virtues.