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Shloka 68

Adhyaya 15Karmic Retribution: Rebirths After Naraka and the King’s Compassion in Hell

राजोवाच नरके मानवाः धर्म पीड्यन्तेऽत्र सहस्रशः ।

त्राहीति चार्ताः क्रन्दन्ति मामतो न व्रजाम्यहम् ॥

rājovāca narake mānavā dharma pīḍyante ’tra sahasraśaḥ |

trāhīti cārtāḥ krandanti mām ato na vrajāmy aham ||

بادشاہ نے کہا—‘اے دھرم، دوزخ میں یہاں ہزاروں انسان عذاب میں مبتلا ہیں۔ بےقرار لوگ “بچاؤ، بچاؤ!” پکار رہے ہیں؛ اس لیے میں یہاں سے نہیں جاؤں گا۔’

rājāthe king
rājā:
Karta (कर्ता) of uvāca
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
narakein hell
narake:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootnaraka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (सप्तमी), Singular
mānavāḥpeople, humans
mānavāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) of pīḍyante
TypeNoun
Rootmānava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
dharmaO Dharma
dharma:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative (सम्बोधन), Singular; address to Dharma
pīḍyanteare being tormented
pīḍyante:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpīḍ (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person, Plural, Ātmanepada; passive/middle sense ‘are tormented’
atrahere
atra:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देश-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatra (अव्यय)
FormAdverb of place (देशवाचक अव्यय)
sahasraśaḥby the thousands
sahasraśaḥ:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsahasraśas (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (प्रकार/परिमाणवाचक अव्यय) ‘by thousands, in thousands’
trāhisave (us)!
trāhi:
Kriyā (क्रिया) quoted speech
TypeVerb
Roottrā (धातु)
FormImperative (लोट्), 2nd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
itithus
iti:
Vākyārtha-dyotaka (वाक्यार्थद्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle (उद्धरणबोधक)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction
ārtāḥthe distressed
ārtāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) of krandanti
TypeNoun
Rootārta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural; ‘the afflicted’
krandanticry out
krandanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkrand (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person, Plural, Parasmaipada
māmme
mām:
Karma (कर्म) of implied ‘call/implore’ with krandanti (contextual)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAccusative, Singular
ataḥtherefore
ataḥ:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootataḥ (अव्यय)
FormCausal/consecutive adverb (हेतु/फलवाचक अव्यय) ‘therefore/from this’
nanot
na:
Nishedha
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle
vrajāmiI go
vrajāmi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvraj (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 1st person, Singular, Parasmaipada
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता) of vrajāmi
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNominative, Singular
King to Dharma

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "dharma-vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Dharma
DharmaCompassionKingship ethicsNarakaProtection of the distressed (trāṇa)

FAQs

True dharma is tested where suffering is visible. The king’s refusal models the ideal ruler as refuge (śaraṇya): he prioritizes the cries of the helpless over his own promised elevation.

Ethical exemplum within narrative (vaṃśānucarita-like). It teaches rāja-dharma and compassion rather than presenting genealogies or cosmic cycles.

Naraka can also indicate inner states of remorse, fear, and contraction. The king’s stance signifies a vow to remain present with collective suffering until transformation occurs—an archetype of salvific leadership.