Shloka 2

Śrāddha-Kāla-Nirṇaya: Proper Times, Nakṣatra Fruits, Tīrtha Merit, and Offerings for Ancestral Rites

Devanagari script

पिण्डान्वाहार्यकं श्राद्धं क्षीणे राजनि शस्यते / अपराह्ने द्विजातीनां प्रशस्तेनामिषेण च

Transliteration

piṇḍānvāhāryakaṃ śrāddhaṃ kṣīṇe rājani śasyate / aparāhne dvijātīnāṃ praśastenāmiṣeṇa ca

Translation

جب بادشاہ کی محافظانہ قوت کمزور ہو جائے تو پِنڈ-اَنواہاریَک شرادھ خاص طور پر مستحسن ہے۔ دِویجوں کو یہ اپرہن میں کرنا چاہیے، اور شاستر کے مطابق گوشت سے بھی نذر پیش کی جا سکتی ہے۔

Word by Word

• पिण्डान्वाहार्यकम्: the anvāhāryaka piṇḍa-offering (rite)
• पिण्डान्वाहार्यकम्: Karta (कर्ता; topic/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक) + अन्वाहार्यक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (पिण्डानां अन्वाहार्यकम्)

• श्राद्धम्: śrāddha
• श्राद्धम्: Karta (कर्ता; apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; apposition to पिण्डान्वाहार्यकम्

• क्षीणे: when (the king is) diminished/weak
• क्षीणे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण; locative absolute with राजनि)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्षी (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), एकवचन; ‘राजनि’ इति विशेषणम्

• राजनि: in/when the king
• राजनि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण; locative absolute)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), एकवचन; सप्तमी-सम्बन्ध (locative absolute)

• शस्यते: is recommended
• शस्यते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शंस् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive: is praised/recommended)

• अपराह्ने: in the afternoon
• अपराह्ने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपराह्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), एकवचन

• द्विजातीनाम्: of the twice-born (classes)
• द्विजातीनाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विजाति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/genitive), बहुवचन

• प्रशस्तेन: with approved/excellent
• प्रशस्तेन: Karana (करण/instrument)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रशस्त (प्रातिपदिक; शंस्-धातोः क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), एकवचन; ‘आमिषेण’ इति विशेषणम्

• आमिषेण: with meat (food offering)
• आमिषेण: Karana (करण/instrument/manner)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आमिष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक

Speaker

Sūta (narrator) conveying the Kurma Purana’s dharma-teaching context

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Characters & Entities

• Śrāddha
• Piṇḍa
• Dvija
• Rājā (king)

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

This verse is primarily a dharma-vidhi instruction on śrāddha (ancestral rites) and timing; it does not directly teach ātman-doctrine, but it supports the Purana’s broader aim that dharmic action (karma aligned with śāstra) sustains social and spiritual order.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

No explicit yoga practice is taught in this śloka. Indirectly, it emphasizes śraddhā (faithful intention) and disciplined observance of prescribed time (aparāhna), which the Kurma Purana often treats as supportive to inner purification that later matures into yoga and devotion.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

This verse does not explicitly mention Śiva or Viṣṇu. Within the Kurma Purana’s Shaiva–Vaishnava synthesis, such dharma instructions are framed as part of the same sacred order upheld by the Supreme (Īśvara), whether approached as Hari or Hara.