Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 42, Shloka 12

लङ्काप्राकारारोहणम् / Assault on Lanka’s Ramparts and the Opening Clash

Devanagari script

उद्यम्यगिरिशृङ्गाणिशिखराणिमहान्तिच ।तरूंश्चोत्पाट्यविविधांस्तिष्ठन्तिहरियूथपाः ।।।।

Transliteration

udyamya giriśṛṅgāṇi śikharāṇi mahānti ca |

tarūṃś cotpāṭya vividhāṃs tiṣṭhanti hariyūthapāḥ ||

Translation

Itinaas nila ang mga tuktok at sungay ng kabundukan, pati ang malalaking taluktok; at binunot ang sari-saring punò—ang mga pinunò ng mga vānarā ay nanindigang handa sa labanan.

Word by Word

• उद्यम्य: having lifted
• उद्यम्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ud-yam (उद् + यम् धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)
• Form: क्त्वान्त/ल्यबन्त अव्यय (gerund/absolutive), पूर्वक्रिया (having lifted/raised)

• गिरिशृङ्गाणि: mountain-peaks
• गिरिशृङ्गाणि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: giri (गिरि) + śṛṅga (शृङ्ग)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: गिरेः शृङ्गाणि); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• शिखराणि: summits
• शिखराणि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śikhara (शिखर प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• महान्ति: huge
• महान्ति: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahant (महत् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; शिखराणि इति विशेषणम्

• च: and
• च: Sambandha-sūcaka (सम्बन्धसूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक (conjunction: and)

• तरून्: trees
• तरून्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: taru (तरु प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha-sūcaka (सम्बन्धसूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक

• उत्पाट्य: having uprooted
• उत्पाट्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ud-pāṭ (उद् + पाट् धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)
• Form: ल्यबन्त अव्यय (gerund), पूर्वक्रिया (having uprooted)

• विविधान्: various
• विविधान्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vividha (विविध प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; तरून् इति विशेषणम्

• तिष्ठन्ति: they stand (ready)
• तिष्ठन्ति: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sthā (स्था धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• हरियूथपाः: monkey-troop leaders
• हरियूथपाः: Kartṛ (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (हरि) + yūthapa (यूथप)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

Context

Holding the mountain peaks, huge trees of many kinds, the Vanara leaders stood ready to fight.

Characters & Entities

• Vānara leaders (hariyūthapāḥ)
• Trees (as weapons)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as purposeful strength: power is gathered and directed toward restoring justice, not for plunder but for rectifying adharma.

What is the narrative situation?

The vānaras arm themselves with natural “weapons” (peaks and trees) and hold position, ready to storm Laṅkā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Discipline and preparedness—strength organized under leadership for a defined righteous objective.