Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 31

Devanagari script

ब्रह्मोवाच । एषा तिथिर्मया दत्ता युष्माकं धरणीतले । पंचमी शेषकालस्तु नेयस्तत्रं रसातले

Transliteration

brahmovāca | eṣā tithirmayā dattā yuṣmākaṃ dharaṇītale | paṃcamī śeṣakālastu neyastatraṃ rasātale

Translation

พระพรหมตรัสว่า “ดิถีนี้เราได้ประทานแก่พวกเจ้า ณ พื้นพิภพแล้ว ครั้นถึงวันปัญจมี เวลาที่เหลือพึงไปพำนัก ณ รสาตละ”

Word by Word

• ब्रह्मा: Brahmā
• ब्रह्मा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• एषा: this (she/this one)
• एषा: Visheshya (Correlative/विषय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• तिथिः: lunar day (tithi)
• तिथिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• मया: by me
• मया: Karana (Instrument/Agent-in-passive/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तम-पुरुष-सर्वनाम, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (Singular)

• दत्ता: given
• दत्ता: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (Past Passive Participle/क्त), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense)

• युष्माकम्: of you (all)
• युष्माकम्: Shashthi-sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: मध्यम-पुरुष-सर्वनाम, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• धरणीतले: on the surface of the earth
• धरणीतले: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धरणी + तल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग (तल) — ‘धरण्याः तलम्’ इति षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष

• पंचमी: the fifth (tithi)
• पंचमी: Visheshya (Apposition/विशेष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्चम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• शेषकालः: the remaining time/period
• शेषकालः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शेष + काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘शेषः कालः’ इति कर्मधारय-प्राय (determinative)

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थक

• नेयः: to be led/taken
• नेयः: Kriya (Obligation predicate/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नी (धातु) + यत् (कृदन्त)
• Form: भाव्य/अनुज्ञार्थक कृदन्त (Gerundive/यत्), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (locative adverb)

• रसातले: in Rasātala (netherworld)
• रसातले: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रसातल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)

Speaker

Brahmā

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Cāmatkārapura-kṣetra (contextual)

Type: kshetra

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: Nāgas (addressed collectively; 'O best among Nāgas' implied)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Brahmā, seated on a lotus, proclaims the divine grant of Pañcamī on earth; behind him a cosmological vertical axis shows Bhū-loka above and Rasātala below, with nāga motifs coiling through the underworld strata.

Characters & Entities

• Brahmā
• Pañcamī (tithi)
• Rasātala
• Nāgas

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Sacred time (tithi) is dharmically structured; specific days regulate interaction between realms and guide proper conduct.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The verse supports the sanctity of the Nāgas’ earthly kṣetra and the observance connected with Pañcamī, elaborated in the surrounding verses.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

It establishes Pañcamī as the key tithi connected to Nāgas, implying observance and regulated presence between earth and Rasātala.