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Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 12

श्राद्धीयो वैश्वदेवीयः सूर्योढश्च तृतीयकः । ये चान्ये भोजनार्थीयास्ते सामान्याः प्रकीर्तिता

śrāddhīyo vaiśvadevīyaḥ sūryoḍhaśca tṛtīyakaḥ | ye cānye bhojanārthīyāste sāmānyāḥ prakīrtitā

แขกหลักสามประการคือ แขกแห่งศราทธะ แขกแห่งไวศวเทวะ และประการที่สามคือแขกสุริโยฒะ ส่วนผู้ใดมาเพียงเพื่ออาหาร จัดว่าเป็นแขกสามัญ

śrāddhīyaḥconnected with śrāddha
śrāddhīyaḥ:
Karta (Predicate nominal/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootśrāddha (प्रातिपदिक) + īya (ईय)
Formतद्धितान्त (ईय); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/nominative), एकवचन; (atithiḥ इत्यस्य भेदः)
vaiśvadevīyaḥpertaining to the Viśvedevas
vaiśvadevīyaḥ:
Karta (Predicate nominal/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootviśva-deva (विश्व + देव) + īya (ईय)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (विश्वदेव-सम्बन्धी) + तद्धित (ईय); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/nominative), एकवचन
sūryoḍhaḥ‘sūryoḍha’ (a named type of guest)
sūryoḍhaḥ:
Karta (Predicate nominal/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsūrya (प्रातिपदिक) + ūḍha (वह् धातु + क्त)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (सूर्येण ऊढः/सूर्य-ऊढः); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/nominative), एकवचन; (अतिथिभेद-नाम)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
tṛtīyakaḥthe third (type)
tṛtīyakaḥ:
Karta (Predicate nominal/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Roottṛtīya (प्रातिपदिक) + ka (क)
Formतद्धितान्त (क); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/nominative), एकवचन; ‘तृतीयः’ इत्यर्थे (the third one)
yethose who
ye:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/nominative), बहुवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
anyeother
anye:
Karta (Subject qualifier/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/nominative), बहुवचन; (ye इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
bhojana-arthīyāḥintended for a meal; coming for food
bhojana-arthīyāḥ:
Karta (Subject qualifier/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhojana (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक) + īya (ईय)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (भोजनार्थ) + तद्धित (ईय); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/nominative), बहुवचन; (ye an ye इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
tethey
te:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/nominative), बहुवचन
sāmānyāḥordinary; common
sāmānyāḥ:
Karta (Predicate adjective/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsāmānya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/nominative), बहुवचन; (te इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
prakīrtitāḥare proclaimed; are called
prakīrtitāḥ:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-kīrt (कीर्त् धातु) + kta (क्त)
Formकीर्त्-धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/nominative), बहुवचन; कर्मणि-भाव (have been proclaimed)

Deductive (Nāgarakhaṇḍa Tīrthamāhātmya narration; likely Sūta speaking to sages)

Type: kshetra

Listener: Dvijoत्तamāḥ (twice-born householders/learned audience)

Scene: Three honored guests are depicted distinctly: a śrāddha-brāhmaṇa near piṇḍa offerings, a vaiśvadeva-associated recipient near bali offerings, and a third linked to the sun (sūrya) with a sun-disc motif; other hungry visitors wait respectfully as ‘ordinary’ recipients.

Ś
Śrāddha
V
Vaiśvadeva
S
Sūryoḍha
A
Atithi

FAQs

Dharma distinguishes ritual guests tied to sacred acts (śrāddha, vaiśvadeva) from casual visitors, guiding proper honour and timing.

No specific tīrtha is named; the teaching supports tīrtha-oriented dharma by emphasizing correct household rites.

Recognition of three principal guest-categories linked to śrāddha and vaiśvadeva observances.