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Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 11

त्रिविधस्त्वतिथिः प्रोक्तो गृहस्थानां द्विजोत्तमाः । तस्याहं वच्मि वः कालं शृणुध्वं सुसमाहिताः

trividhastvatithiḥ prokto gṛhasthānāṃ dvijottamāḥ | tasyāhaṃ vacmi vaḥ kālaṃ śṛṇudhvaṃ susamāhitāḥ

โอ้ท่านผู้ประเสริฐในหมู่ทวิชะ สำหรับคฤหัสถ์นั้น “แขก” กล่าวไว้ว่าเป็นสามประเภท ข้าจักบอกกาลอันเหมาะแก่พวกเขา—จงฟังด้วยจิตตั้งมั่น

trividhaḥthreefold
trividhaḥ:
Karta (Predicate adjective/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Roottri (प्रातिपदिक) + vidha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (त्रयः विधाः यस्य); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/nominative), एकवचन; (atithiḥ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
tuindeed; but
tu:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (particle: but/indeed)
atithiḥguest
atithiḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootatithi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/nominative), एकवचन
proktaḥis declared
proktaḥ:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-vac (वच् धातु) + kta (क्त)
Formवच्-धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/nominative), एकवचन; कर्मणि-भाव (said/declared)
gṛhasthānāmof householders
gṛhasthānām:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootgṛhastha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी (6th/genitive), बहुवचन
dvijottamāḥO best of the twice-born
dvijottamāḥ:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक) + uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (उत्तमाः द्विजाः); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/nominative), बहुवचन; सम्बोधनार्थे (vocative sense by context)
tasyaof that; its
tasya:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी (6th/genitive), एकवचन
ahamI
aham:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; प्रथमा (1st/nominative), एकवचन
vacmisay; tell
vacmi:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (वच् धातु)
Formलट् (present), परस्मैपद; उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन
vaḥto you
vaḥ:
Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; चतुर्थी/षष्ठी (4th dative / 6th genitive), बहुवचन; अत्र चतुर्थी (to you)
kālamtime; occasion
kālam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/accusative), एकवचन
śṛṇudhvamlisten
śṛṇudhvam:
Kriya (Command/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootśru (श्रु धातु)
Formलोट् (imperative), आत्मनेपद; मध्यमपुरुष, बहुवचन
su-samāhitāḥwell-attentive; well-composed
su-samāhitāḥ:
Karta (Addressee qualifier/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu (अव्यय-उपसर्ग) + sam-ā-dhā (धा धातु) + kta (क्त)
Formसमाधा-धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; ‘सु’ उपसर्गेण विशेषित; पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/nominative), बहुवचन; (यूयं इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)

Deductive (Nāgarakhaṇḍa Tīrthamāhātmya narration; likely Sūta speaking to sages)

Type: kshetra

Listener: Dvijoत्तamāḥ (assembled brāhmaṇas/elite twice-born)

Scene: A teacher addresses a circle of attentive brāhmaṇas, counting three types of guests on his fingers; behind him, symbolic icons of śrāddha, vaiśvadeva, and a solar-related observance indicate the forthcoming timing rules.

A
Atithi
G
Gṛhastha
D
Dvijottama

FAQs

Hospitality is structured by dharma: knowing the types of guests and their proper occasions preserves ritual purity and merit.

The verse is instructional; it does not name a particular tīrtha within its wording.

A classification of guests into three kinds and an instruction to observe their appropriate times (kāla).