Skanda Purana — Avanti Khanda, Shloka 2

Devanagari script

गौतमेन पुरा शप्तं ज्ञात्वा देवाः सुरेश्वरम् । ब्रह्माद्या देवताः सर्व ऋषयश्च तपोधनाः

Transliteration

gautamena purā śaptaṃ jñātvā devāḥ sureśvaram | brahmādyā devatāḥ sarva ṛṣayaśca tapodhanāḥ

Translation

ครั้นทราบว่าในกาลก่อน พระโคตมะได้สาปเทวาธิราชไว้ เหล่าเทวะทั้งปวงตั้งแต่พระพรหมเป็นต้น และเหล่าฤๅษีผู้มั่งคั่งด้วยตบะ ก็พร้อมใจกันมาชุมนุม (เพื่อหาทางแก้)

Word by Word

• गौतमेन: by Gautama
• गौतमेन: Karana (Instrument/कर्ता-हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गौतम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• पुरा: formerly; once
• पुरा: Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुरा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of time)

• शप्तम्: cursed
• शप्तम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शप्त (प्रातिपदिक; √शप्-क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; कर्मणि प्रयोग; विशेषणम् (सुरेश्वरम्)

• ज्ञात्वा: having known
• ज्ञात्वा: Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund/absolutive)

• देवाः: the gods
• देवाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन

• सुरेश्वरम्: the lord of the gods (Indra)
• सुरेश्वरम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुर-ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक; सुर + ईश्वर)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (सुराणाम् ईश्वरः)

• ब्रह्माद्याः: Brahmā and others
• ब्रह्माद्याः: Apposition (Samanadhikarana/समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्म-आदि (प्रातिपदिक; ब्रह्म + आदि)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (ब्रह्मा आदिः येषाम्)

• देवताः: deities
• देवताः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (देवताः/ऋषयः)

• ऋषयः: sages
• ऋषयः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (Coordination/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय-बोधक (conjunction)

• तपोधनाः: whose wealth is austerity
• तपोधनाः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तपस्-धन (प्रातिपदिक; तपस् + धन)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (तपः धनं येषाम्) विशेषणम् (ऋषयः)

Speaker

Purāṇic narrator (contextual; within Revākhaṇḍa narration)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Śakra-tīrtha (context-setting)

Type: kshetra

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: Pāṇḍuputra (a Pāṇḍava)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A grand assembly: Brahmā and other devas with austere sages gather, anxious about Indra’s curse; the atmosphere is solemn, petitionary.

Characters & Entities

• Gautama
• Indra (Sureśvara)
• Brahmā
• Devas
• Ṛṣis

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Even the highest authority (Indra) is accountable to dharma; sages’ tapas and truth have corrective power.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The Revā region (Narmadā corridor) is the narrative setting of Revākhaṇḍa, leading into the tīrtha-based remedy.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

None explicitly in this verse; it sets up the appeal to Gautama and the later tīrtha-rite.