Skanda Purana — Avanti Khanda, Shloka 19

Devanagari script

कृतं चान्द्रायणं मासं कृच्छ्रं चान्यं ततः परम् । ततस्तुष्टो महादेवो दत्त्वा वरमनुत्तमम्

Transliteration

kṛtaṃ cāndrāyaṇaṃ māsaṃ kṛcchraṃ cānyaṃ tataḥ param | tatastuṣṭo mahādevo dattvā varamanuttamam

Translation

นางได้บำเพ็ญพรตจันทรายณะตลอดหนึ่งเดือน แล้วต่อจากนั้นได้ปฏิบัติตบะกฤจฉระอันเคร่งครัดยิ่งขึ้น ครั้นมหาเทวะทรงพอพระทัย จึงประทานพรอันยอดยิ่งหาประมาณมิได้

Word by Word

• कृतम्: done, performed
• कृतम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: कृ-धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्तम् (भूतकर्मणि/कर्मणि प्रयोगः), नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; past passive participle ‘done/performed’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम् (conjunction)

• आन्द्रायणम्: the cāndrāyaṇa vow
• आन्द्रायणम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आन्द्रायण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचनम्; ‘cāndrāyaṇa’ vow/penance

• मासम्: for a month
• मासम्: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (Time/कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचनम्; accusative of duration

• कृच्छ्रम्: the kṛcchra penance
• कृच्छ्रम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृच्छ्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचनम्; name of a penance

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम् (conjunction)

• अन्यम्: another
• अन्यम्: Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (qualifying ‘kṛcchram’/‘vratam’ understood)

• ततः: thereafter
• ततः: Apādāna/Sequence (Source-Sequence/अपादान-क्रम)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; अपादान/क्रमवाचक-प्रयोगः (from that/thereafter)

• परम्: further, after that
• परम्: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचनम्; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (as an adverb: ‘further/after that’)

• ततः: then
• ततः: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; क्रमवाचकः (then)

• तुष्टः: pleased
• तुष्टः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुष् (धातु)
• Form: तुष्-धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्तम्; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचनम्; ‘pleased’

• महादेवः: Mahādeva (Śiva)
• महादेवः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महादेव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचनम्; समासः कर्मधारयः (महान् देवः)

• दत्त्वा: having given
• दत्त्वा: Kriyā (Gerund/पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: दा-धातोः क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्तम् (क्त्वान्त), पूर्वकालिक-क्रिया (having given)

• वरम्: a boon
• वरम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचनम्

• अनुत्तमम्: unsurpassed, excellent
• अनुत्तमम्: Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनुत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (qualifying ‘varam’)

Speaker

Deductive: Purāṇic narrator within Revā Khaṇḍa (likely Sūta/Lomaharṣaṇa conveying the Māhātmya)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Ahalyeśvara-tīrtha (Revā/Narmadā-tīra)

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Ahalyā performing a month-long Cāndrāyaṇa and then a severe Kṛcchra, emaciated yet radiant, before a tranquil manifestation of Mahādeva who grants an unsurpassed boon.

Characters & Entities

• Mahādeva (Śiva)
• Cāndrāyaṇa
• Kṛcchra

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Atonement through disciplined vrata and prāyaścitta culminates in divine grace, showing dharma’s restorative power.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The penances are framed within the Narmadā/Revā tīrtha narrative of Adhyāya 136, supporting the māhātmya of the local sacred site.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Cāndrāyaṇa (one-month observance) and an additional Kṛcchra penance are explicitly mentioned.