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Shloka 16

Adhyaya 81Suratha and Samadhi Seek Sage Medhas; Introduction to Mahamaya and the Madhukaitabha Origin Account

स पृष्टस्तेन कस्त्वं भोः हेतुश्चागमनेऽत्र कः ।

सशोक इव कस्मात्त्वं दुर्मना इव लक्ष्यसे ॥

sa pṛṣṭas tena kas tvaṃ bhoḥ hetuś cāgamane 'tra kaḥ /

saśoka iva kasmāt tvaṃ durmanā iva lakṣyase

พระราชาตรัสถามเขาว่า “ท่านเป็นผู้ใด และเหตุใดจึงมาที่นี่? ไฉนท่านจึงดูประหนึ่งถูกความโศกครอบงำ และหม่นหมองนัก?”

सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
पृष्टः(being) asked
पृष्टः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रच्छ् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृत् (past participle, क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग-सूचक
तेनby him
तेन:
Kartr̥ (कर्ता/agent in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
कःwho?
कः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउभयलिङ्ग/सर्वनाम, प्रथमा, एकवचन
भोःO!
भोः:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभोः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; सम्बोधन-निपात (vocative particle)
हेतुःreason, cause
हेतुः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootहेतु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय
आगमनेin (your) coming, regarding arrival
आगमने:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootआगमन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
अत्रhere
अत्र:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देशवाचक
कःwhat?/which?
कः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक
स-शोकःwith sorrow, sorrowful
स-शोकः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootस (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + शोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष (सह-शोकः = शोकयुक्तः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying ‘त्वम्’)
इवas if
इव:
Upamā (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपमा-निपात (particle of comparison)
कस्मात्from what cause? why?
कस्मात्:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा, एकवचन
दुर्-मनाःdowncast, distressed
दुर्-मनाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष (दुष्टं मनः यस्य); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying ‘त्वम्’)
इवas if
इव:
Upamā (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपमा-निपात
लक्ष्यसेare seen, appear
लक्ष्यसे:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootलक्ष् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), एकवचन; कर्मणि/भावे अर्थः ‘दृश्यसे’
King Suratha addressing the merchant

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Compassionate inquiryRecognition of shared sufferingDialogue as means to wisdom

FAQs

Sincere questioning—without pride—opens the path to instruction. Suratha, though a king, approaches another sufferer with humane curiosity, which becomes the doorway to spiritual teaching.

Instructional narrative frame; not pañcalakṣaṇa.

The ‘question’ symbolizes the awakening of jñāsa (desire to know). Such inquiry is the first movement away from moha toward the Devi’s revelation.