Shloka 119

Adhyaya 8 — Harishchandra’s Trial: Truth, the Sale of Family, and Bondage to a Chandala

Sanskrit

स राजा तत्र सम्प्राप्तो दुःखितः शोचनॊद्यतः ।

हा भृत्या मन्त्रिणो विप्राः तद्राज्यं विधे गतम् ॥

Transliteration

sa rājā tatra samprāpto duḥkhitaḥ śocanodyataḥ /

hā bhṛtyā mantriṇo viprāḥ tad rājyaṃ vidhe gatam

Translation

กษัตริย์นั้นไปถึงสถานที่นั้นด้วยความโศกเศร้า ใกล้จะหลั่งน้ำตา กล่าวว่า “อนิจจา—ข้ารับใช้ของเรา เสนาบดีของเรา พราหมณ์ของเรา! อาณาจักรนั้นพินาศไปด้วยอำนาจแห่งชะตากรรม!”

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• राजा: king
• राजा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (locative adverb)

• सम्प्राप्तः: having arrived
• सम्प्राप्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-प्र-आप् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past participle, क्त); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोगे ‘having arrived’

• दुःखितः: distressed
• दुःखितः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुःखित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

• शोचन-उद्यतः: intent on lamenting
• शोचन-उद्यतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शोचन (प्रातिपदिक) + उद्यत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (उपपद/कर्मधारय-प्रायः): ‘शोचने उद्यतः’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

• हा: alas!
• हा: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विस्मय/शोकसूचक निपात (interjection)

• भृत्याः: servants
• भृत्याः: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भृत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• मन्त्रिणः: ministers
• मन्त्रिणः: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मन्त्रिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• विप्राः: brahmins
• विप्राः: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• तत्-राज्यम्: that kingdom (his kingdom)
• तत्-राज्यम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + राज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: तस्य राज्यम्); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• विधे: to fate/ordinance
• विधे: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन; दातृ/सम्प्रदानार्थ (dative)

• गतम्: gone (lost)
• गतम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past participle, क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘gone/handed over’

Speakers

• King (unnamed in input; speaking in lament)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Royal downfall
• Fate (vidhi) vs agency
• Grief and lamentation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Power and prosperity are unstable; when dharma-supporting structures (counsel, priestly guidance, loyal service) collapse, the ruler confronts impermanence and the consequences of prior causes.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita/ākhyāna-style human story used pedagogically; not a direct sarga/pratisarga/manvantara passage.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘kingdom’ can signify the inner kingdom of the senses and mind: when order is lost, the ‘king’ (ego/agent) grieves—prompting a turn toward higher sovereignty (ātman/dharma).