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Atharva Veda 12.2.45: Kanda 12, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 2, Mantra 45

Sukta 2

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

जी॒वाना॒मायुः॒ प्र ति॑र॒ त्वम॑ग्ने पितॄ॒णां लो॒कमपि॑ गच्छन्तु॒ ये मृ॒ताः । सु॒गा॒र्ह॒प॒त्यो वि॒तप॒न्नरा॑तिमुषामु॑षां॒ श्रेय॑सीं धेह्य॒स्मै

IAST Transliteration

jīvā́nām ā́yuḥ prá tira tvám agne pitṝṇā́ṃ lokám ápi gacchantu yé mṛtā́ḥ | su-gārhapatyó vi-tápann arātím uṣā́m-uṣām śréyasīṃ dhehy asmáí ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Bear thou the life of living men clean through, O Agni; and let the dead depart unto the Fathers’ world. Thou good House-Fire, scorching off malignity, bestow on him, from dawn to dawn, a better, higher weal.

Translation

हे अग्ने, जीवानामायुः प्र तिर; ये मृताः ते पितॄणां लोकमपि गच्छन्तु। हे सुगर्हपत्य, वितपन् अरातिं दग्ध्वा; उषामुषां श्रेयसीं परां कल्याणीं चास्मै धेहि।

Word by Word
जीवानाम्of the living
जीवानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootजीव (प्रातिपदिक) < √जीव्
आयुःlife-span, vital life
आयुः:
कर्म (object of ‘extend/bring forward’)
TypeNoun
Rootआयुस् (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रforth, forward (intensifier)
प्र:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
तिरover, beyond; across
तिर:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतिरस्/तिर (अव्यय; ‘across, beyond, over’)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
कर्तृ (agent)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अग्नेO Agni
अग्ने:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
पितॄणाम्of the Fathers/ancestors
पितॄणाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
लोकम्world, realm
लोकम्:
कर्म (goal/object of motion)
TypeNoun
Rootलोक (प्रातिपदिक)
अपिalso; indeed
अपि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
गच्छन्तुlet them go
गच्छन्तु:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√गम् (गच्छ-)
येwho (those who)
ये:
कर्तृ (of ‘गच्छन्तु’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
मृताःdead, deceased
मृताः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeAdjective/Participle
Root√मृ (कृदन्त: मृत)
सुगार्हपत्यः(Agni) good as the gārhapatya (household fire)
सुगार्हपत्यः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (of Agni implied)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु- + गार्हपत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
वितपन्burning forth; blazing
वितपन्:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (of Agni implied)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Root√तप् (कृदन्त: वितपन्त्; वि-उपसर्ग)
अरातिम्harm, hostility, misfortune
अरातिम्:
कर्म (that which is removed/repelled)
TypeNoun
Rootअराति (प्रातिपदिक)
उषाम्dawn; (a) dawn
उषाम्:
कर्म (object of ‘धेहि’)
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
उषाम्dawn (again; each dawn)
उषाम्:
कर्म (repetition for distributive sense)
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
श्रेयसीम्better, more auspicious
श्रेयसीम्:
कर्म-विशेषण (of उषाम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेयस् (प्रातिपदिक; तुलनात्मक-विशेषण)
धेहिplace; grant; bestow
धेहि:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√धा
अस्मैto this (person), for him
अस्मै:
सम्प्रदान (recipient)
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (funerary corpus)

Devata: Agni (Gārhapatya) with Pitṛs as destination

Chandas: Mixed/expanded Anuṣṭubh-like cadence (as transmitted in AV prose-leaning anuṣṭubh)

Mantra Rasa

Primary: shanta

Secondary: karuna

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