Shloka 35

भरतस्य प्रार्थना—रामस्य कालधर्मोपदेशः

Bharata’s Petition and Rama’s Instruction on Time and Mortality

Devanagari script

इष्ट्वा बहुविधैर्यज्ञैर्भोगां श्चावाप्य पुष्कलान्।उत्तमं चायुरासाद्य स्वर्गतः पृथिवीपतिः।।2.105.35।।

Transliteration

iṣṭvā bahuvidhair yajñair bhogāṃś cāvāpya puṣkalān | uttamaṃ cāyur āsādya svargataḥ pṛthivīpatiḥ || 2.105.35 ||

Translation

ਅਨੇਕ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਯਜਨ ਕਰਕੇ, ਧਰਮ-ਸੰਗਤ ਪ੍ਰਚੁਰ ਭੋਗ ਭੋਗ ਕੇ, ਅਤੇ ਉੱਤਮ ਆਯੁ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰਕੇ, ਧਰਤੀ ਦੇ ਪਤੀ ਰਾਜਾ ਸਵਰਗ ਨੂੰ ਗਏ।

Word by Word

• इष्ट्वा: having sacrificed/performed
• इष्ट्वा: क्रियाविशेषण (absolutive; prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: यज् (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), पूर्वकाल (having done), क्रियाविशेषण

• बहुविधैः: with many kinds of
• बहुविधैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहुविध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (बहवः विधाः); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (यज्ञैः)

• यज्ञैः: with sacrifices
• यज्ञैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• भोगान्: enjoyments/pleasures
• भोगान्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भोग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक-निपात

• अवाप्य: having obtained
• अवाप्य: क्रियाविशेषण (absolutive; prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव-आप् (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), पूर्वकाल

• पुष्कलान्: abundant
• पुष्कलान्: कर्म (Karma/Object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुष्कल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (भोगान्)

• उत्तमम्: excellent
• उत्तमम्: कर्म (Karma/Object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (आयुः/आयुर्)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक-निपात

• आयुः: life/span of life
• आयुः: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आयुस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (कर्मरूपेण); छन्दसि/पाठे 'आयुर्' इति सन्ध्यन्तरं

• आसाद्य: having attained
• आसाद्य: क्रियाविशेषण (absolutive; prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ- सद् (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), पूर्वकाल

• स्वर्गतः: to heaven
• स्वर्गतः: गति/देश (adverbial goal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वर्ग (प्रातिपदिक) + तस् (तसिल्-अव्यय)
• Form: तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (adverbial: 'to heaven/into heaven' in epic usage)

• पृथिवीपतिः: the king
• पृथिवीपतिः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी + पति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

King Dasaratha, lord of the earth, having performed various kinds of sacrifices and securing a long life, enjoyed abundance of pleasures and attained heaven.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Svarga (heaven)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma permits prosperity and enjoyment when grounded in righteous conduct; a complete life integrates duty (yajña), legitimate pleasure (bhoga), and a worthy end.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata continues consoling by portraying Daśaratha’s life as fulfilled—religious duty performed, worldly aims met, and a good posthumous destination.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sober perspective on life’s aims (puruṣārthas): Bharata frames loss through a dharmic evaluation of a completed kingship.