Shloka 27

Tithi-vicara

Determination of Tithi for Fasts, Parana, and Pitri Rites

Devanagari script

उपवासदिनं विद्धं यदा भवति पूर्वया । द्वितीयेऽह्नि यदा न स्यात्स्वल्पाप्येकादशी तिथिः ॥ २७ ॥

Transliteration

upavāsadinaṃ viddhaṃ yadā bhavati pūrvayā | dvitīye'hni yadā na syātsvalpāpyekādaśī tithiḥ || 27 ||

Translation

ଯେତେବେଳେ ଉପବାସ ଦିନ ପୂର୍ବତିଥି ଦ୍ୱାରା ବିଦ୍ଧ ହୁଏ, ଏବଂ ପରଦିନ ଏକାଦଶୀ ତିଥିର ସାନା ଅଂଶ ମଧ୍ୟ ନଥାଏ, ସେତେବେଳେ ସେ ଉପବାସଦିନକୁ ବିଦ୍ଧ (ଦୋଷଯୁକ୍ତ) ବୋଲି ଜାଣିବା ଉଚିତ।

Word by Word

• upavāsa-dinam: the fasting day
• upavāsa-dinam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: upavāsa + dina (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः ‘उपवासस्य दिनम्’ = the fasting day

• viddham: tainted/overlapped
• viddham: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √vidh/√vyadh (धातु) → viddha (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; ‘विद्धम्’ = pierced/tainted (by overlap)

• yadā: when
• yadā: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (when)

• bhavati: is/becomes
• bhavati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; ‘becomes/is’

• pūrvayā: by the previous (tithi)
• pūrvayā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; ‘पूर्वया (तिथ्या)’ = by the previous (tithi/day)

• dvitīye: on the second (day)
• dvitīye: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvitīya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘द्वितीये’ = on the second (day)

• ahni: on the day
• ahni: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ahan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘अह्नि’ = on the day

• yadā: when
• yadā: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (when)

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negation ‘not’)

• syāt: would be/is present
• syāt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √as (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; ‘would be/should be’ (here: ‘is not present’)

• svalpā: even a little
• svalpā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: svalpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; ‘little/small’ (qualifying ekādaśī tithiḥ)

• api: even
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अपि-कार (even)

• ekādaśī: Ekādaśī
• ekādaśī: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ekādaśī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तिथि-नाम (eleventh lunar day)

• tithiḥ: tithi (lunar day)
• tithiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tithi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विषयः (tithi)

Speaker

Sanatkumara (in dialogue with Narada)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: Ekādaśī upavāsa (fasting day determination)

Verse Rasa

Rasa: {"primary_rasa":"shanta","secondary_rasa":"none","emotional_journey":"Precise definitional teaching: it identifies when the upavāsa-day becomes defective (viddha) and clarifies the decisive criterion of Ekādaśī’s absence on the next day."}

Characters & Entities

• Narada

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It teaches that Ekādaśī fasting must align correctly with the Ekādaśī tithi; a ‘viddha’ (pierced) day weakens the vrata’s intended dharmic and devotional merit.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

By insisting on proper Ekādaśī timing, it frames bhakti as disciplined worship—devotion expressed through accurate observance of Viṣṇu-oriented vrata rules rather than mere intention alone.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa (calendar/time-reckoning): the rule concerns tithi-overlap and the presence/absence of Ekādaśī portions across two days to decide the correct upavāsa day.