Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 43, Shloka 42

Adhyaya 43 — Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

Sanskrit

तस्य भागे तथैवाह्नो योगं युञ्जीत योगवित् ।

पूर्वाह्ने चापराह्ने च मध्याह्ने चापि तद्दिने ॥

Transliteration

tasya bhāge tathaivāhno yogaṃ yuñjīta yogavit / pūrvāhne cāparāhne ca madhyāhne cāpi tad dine

Translation

ထိုနေ့၏ အချိန်ပိုင်းတစ်ပိုင်းတည်း၌ပင် ယောဂကို သိမြင်သူသည် ယောဂကျင့်စဉ်ကို လေ့ကျင့်ရမည်—မနက်ပိုင်းဖြစ်စေ၊ နေ့လယ်ဖြစ်စေ၊ နေ့လယ်ပြီးနောက်ဖြစ်စေ၊ ထိုနေ့၌ပင် ဖြစ်ရမည်။

Word by Word

• तस्य: of that
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Gen.), एकवचन; ‘of that (time/period)’

• भागे: in (that) part/portion
• भागे: अधिकरण (Location/Time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Loc.), एकवचन; ‘in a portion’

• तथा: thus
• तथा: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverb)

• एव: indeed, just
• एव: निपात (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (निश्चय/Emphasis particle)

• अह्नः: of the day
• अह्नः: सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Gen.), एकवचन; ‘of the day’

• योगम्: yoga, yogic practice
• योगम्: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: योग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Acc.), एकवचन

• युञ्जीत: should practice
• युञ्जीत: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: युज् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; ‘should practice/apply’

• योगवित्: the knower of yoga
• योगवित्: कर्ता (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: योगविद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nom.), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: योगं वेत्ति (knower of yoga)

• पूर्वाह्ने: in the forenoon
• पूर्वाह्ने: अधिकरण (Time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पूर्वाह्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Loc.), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: पूर्वः अह्नः

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (समुच्चय/Conjunction)

• अपराह्ने: in the afternoon
• अपराह्ने: अधिकरण (Time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपराह्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Loc.), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: अपरः अह्नः

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (समुच्चय/Conjunction)

• मध्याह्ने: at midday
• मध्याह्ने: अधिकरण (Time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मध्याह्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Loc.), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: मध्यः अह्नः

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (समुच्चय/Conjunction)

• अपि: also
• अपि: निपात (Additive)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (समुच्चय/Emphatic ‘also’)

• तत्: that
• तत्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Loc.), एकवचन; used with दिने: ‘on that’

• दिने: on the day
• दिने: अधिकरण (Time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Loc.), एकवचन

Speakers

• Instructional voice addressing King Alarka (ālarka)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga regimen
• Auspicious/critical timing
• Discipline
• Response to omens

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The teaching is pragmatic: spiritual practice is scheduled with precision at the very time-window implicated by the sign—turning anxiety into disciplined action.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Not pancalakṣaṇa material; it is prescriptive yoga-dharma (ācāra) within a philosophical discourse.

What is the esoteric significance?

Time-of-day corresponds to shifts in guṇas and prāṇic currents; aligning practice with that segment aims to neutralize the karmic ‘opening’ indicated by the omen.