Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 31, Shloka 46

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

जुहुयाद्व्यञ्जनक्षारवर्ज्यमन्नं यथाविधि । अग्नये कव्यवाहाय स्वाहेति प्रथमाहुतिः ॥

Transliteration

juhuyād vyañjanakṣāravarjyam annaṃ yathāvidhi / agnaye kavyavāhāya svāheti prathamāhutiḥ

Translation

စည်းကမ်းအတိုင်း မီးထဲသို့ အနံ့အရသာဆေးများနှင့် အယ်လ်ကလီဓာတ်ကင်းသော အစာကို ပူဇော်ထည့်ရမည်။ ပထမအဟုတိမှာ—ပိတೃများထံ ပူဇော်ပစ္စည်းကို သယ်ဆောင်သူ ကဗျဝါဟန (Kavyavāhana) အဂ္ဂိ (Agni) သို့ “svāhā” ဟူ၍ ဖြစ်သည်။

Word by Word

• जुहुयात्: should offer (into fire)
• जुहुयात्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हु (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• व्यञ्जनक्षारवर्ज्यम्: excluding condiments and alkali
• व्यञ्जनक्षारवर्ज्यम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: व्यञ्जन + क्षार + वर्ज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास (समाहार/निर्देश); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण — ‘व्यञ्जनं क्षारश्च वर्ज्यौ यस्मात्’ (excluding condiments and alkali)

• अन्नम्: food (cooked rice/meal)
• अन्नम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन

• यथा: as/according to
• यथा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपमान/प्रकारार्थ (as/according as)

• विधि: rule/prescription
• विधि: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd) एकवचन, अव्ययीभाववत् प्रयोग (yathā + accusative)

• अग्नये: to Agni
• अग्नये: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन

• कव्यवाहाय: to the carrier of oblations (Agni)
• कव्यवाहाय: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कव्य + वाह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास (षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध); पुंलिङ्ग; चतुर्थी, एकवचन; अग्नेः विशेषणरूपेण (epithet of Agni)

• स्वाहा: svāhā
• स्वाहा: Mantra-pada (मन्त्रपद)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वाहा (अव्यय/निपात)
• Form: मन्त्रनिपात (ritual exclamation)

• इति: thus
• इति: Quotative (इति-प्रयोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उक्त्यर्थक अव्यय

• प्रथमा: first
• प्रथमा: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण

• आहुतिः: offering (oblation)
• आहुतिः: Karta/Pradhāna (प्रथमा-विषय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आहुति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction within the Purāṇic discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Agni (Kavyavāhana)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Homa
• Agni
• Pitṛ-yajña
• Dietary/ritual purity

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Purity and simplicity are emphasized: the offering is to be free from certain additives, reflecting restraint and clarity in sacrificial giving, and highlighting Agni as the rightful mediator.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ritual-ācāra; not one of the five narrative characteristics.

What is the esoteric significance?

Agni as Kavyavāhana indicates the ‘transmission principle’: offerings become subtle and reach intended recipients. Excluding kṣāra/vyañjana symbolically removes agitation and excess, leaving a sattvic oblation.