Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 31, Shloka 47

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

सोमाय वै पितृमते स्वाहेत्यन्या तथा भवेत् । यमाय प्रेतपतये स्वाहेति त्रितयाहुतिः ॥

Transliteration

somāya vai pitṛmate svāhety anyā tathā bhavet / yamāya pretapataye svāheti tritayāhutiḥ

Translation

နောက်ထပ်အဟုတိမှာ ပိတೃများ (Pitṛs) နှင့် ဆက်နွယ်သော ဆိုမ (Soma) သို့ “svāhā” ဟူ၍ ဖြစ်သည်။ တတိယအဟုတိမှာ ကွယ်လွန်သူတို့၏ အရှင် ပရေတပတိ (pretapati) ယမ (Yama) သို့ “svāhā” ဟူ၍ ဖြစ်သည်။

Word by Word

• सोमाय: to Soma
• सोमाय: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; चतुर्थी, एकवचन

• वै: indeed
• वै: Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चयार्थक/खल्वर्थक अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• पितृमते: to the lord of the Pitṛs
• पितृमते: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ + मत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास (सम्बन्ध); पुंलिङ्ग; चतुर्थी, एकवचन; ‘पितॄणां मतिः/अधिपतिः’ इति विशेषण (epithet)

• स्वाहा: svāhā
• स्वाहा: Mantra-pada (मन्त्रपद)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वाहा (अव्यय/निपात)
• Form: मन्त्रनिपात (ritual exclamation)

• इति: thus
• इति: Quotative (इति-प्रयोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उक्त्यर्थक अव्यय

• अन्या: another
• अन्या: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (आहुतिः इत्यस्य)

• तथा: thus/likewise
• तथा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; ‘likewise/so’

• भवेत्: should be
• भवेत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• यमाय: to Yama
• यमाय: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; चतुर्थी, एकवचन

• प्रेतपतये: to the lord of the departed
• प्रेतपतये: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रेत + पति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास (षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध); पुंलिङ्ग; चतुर्थी, एकवचन; यमस्य विशेषण (epithet)

• स्वाहा: svāhā
• स्वाहा: Mantra-pada (मन्त्रपद)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वाहा (अव्यय/निपात)
• Form: मन्त्रनिपात

• इति: thus
• इति: Quotative (इति-प्रयोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उक्त्यर्थक अव्यय

• त्रितया: third (as the set of three)
• त्रितया: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रितय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (आहुतिः इत्यस्य)

• आहुतिः: offering (oblation)
• आहुतिः: Karta/Pradhāna (प्रथमा-विषय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आहुति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction within the Purāṇic discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Soma
• Yama

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Homa
• Pitṛ-yajña
• Death-rite context
• Ritual sequencing

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The rite acknowledges cosmic administrators of lineage and death—Soma and Yama—showing that household dharma is integrated with a broader moral-cosmic governance, not merely private devotion.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra (ritual instruction) embedded in Purāṇic discourse; not pancalakṣaṇa narrative.

What is the esoteric significance?

Soma represents nourishment, continuity, and ancestral linkage; Yama represents law, restraint, and the boundary of life. The sequence ritually harmonizes continuity (Pitṛ/Soma) with mortality and order (Yama).