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Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 16

Devanagari script

ऊर्ध्वदोषो रविदृशस्त्वेकांघ्रि स्थाणु निश्चलाः । ये वै दिवा निरुच्छ्वासा मासोच्छ्वासाश्च ये पुनः

Transliteration

ūrdhvadoṣo ravidṛśastvekāṃghri sthāṇu niścalāḥ | ye vai divā nirucchvāsā māsocchvāsāśca ye punaḥ

Translation

Sebahagian menahan kekotoran dan cela diri menghala ke atas, memandang matahari, serta berdiri kaku seperti tiang dengan sebelah kaki. Sebahagian mengekang nafas sepanjang siang, dan sebahagian lagi bernafas hanya sekali dalam sebulan.

Word by Word
ऊर्ध्व-दोषाःthose with upward (restrained) exhalation/impurities
ऊर्ध्व-दोषाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootऊर्ध्व (प्रातिपदिक) + दोष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (ऊर्ध्वं दोषः/ऊर्ध्वदोषः; ‘upward-flowing impurities/breath’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Nominative plural
रवि-दृशःsun-gazers
रवि-दृशः:
Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootरवि (प्रातिपदिक) + दृश् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (रविवत् दृशः/रविं पश्यन्ति इति), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Nominative plural; describing ascetics (gazing at sun)
तुand/indeed
तु:
Sambandha/Emphasis (Nipāta)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (contrast/emphasis particle)
एक-अङ्घ्रिone-footed (standing on one leg)
एक-अङ्घ्रि:
Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootएक (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + अङ्घ्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्विगु/तत्पुरुष-समास (एकः अङ्घ्रिः यस्य), अव्ययभावेन विशेषणरूपेण; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (समासपद as qualifier)
स्थाणुlike a pillar (motionless)
स्थाणु:
Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्थाणु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (विशेषणवत्) — ‘like a pillar/tree-stump’
निश्चलाःmotionless
निश्चलाः:
Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिश्चल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Nominative plural; qualifying subject
येwho
ये:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Relative pronoun
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha/Emphasis (Nipāta)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle/emphasis)
दिवाby day
दिवा:
Kāla (Time/काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदिवा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक अव्यय (adverb of time)
निर्-उच्छ्वासाःwithout exhalation
निर्-उच्छ्वासाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनिर् (उपसर्ग) + उच्छ्वास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (निरस्तः उच्छ्वासः येषाम्), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Nominative plural; those without exhalation/breathing
मास-उच्छ्वासाःthose whose breath (interval) is a month
मास-उच्छ्वासाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमास (प्रातिपदिक) + उच्छ्वास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (मासे उच्छ्वासः/मासपर्यन्त उच्छ्वासः), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Nominative plural; those who breathe once a month
चand
च:
Samuccaya (Coordination)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
येwho
ये:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Relative pronoun (repeated)
पुनःagain / moreover
पुनः:
Sambandha/Discourse (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb: repetition/emphasis)
Speaker

Skanda

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Tapoloka (contextual)

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A motionless ascetic like a pillar, balancing on one foot, eyes lifted toward the sun; another seated in deep prāṇāyāma with minimal breath; the environment is bright, rarefied, and silent.

Characters & Entities
S
Sun (Ravi)
T
Tapoloka

FAQs

The Purāṇic ideal of tapas includes yogic self-mastery—stillness, focus, and breath-discipline directed toward transcendence.

Kāśīkhaṇḍa provides the sacred frame, but this verse primarily glorifies ascetic yogic practices associated with Tapoloka.

Austerities such as standing on one foot, sun-gazing, and extreme breath restraint.

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