Rig Veda 5.81.3 — Mandala 5, Sukta 81, Mantra 3

Sukta 5.81

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (traditional attribution for RV 5.81)

Devata: Savitar

Chandas: Jagatī (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यस्य प्रयाणमन्वन्य इद्ययुर्देवा देवस्य महिमानमोजसा । यः पार्थिवानि विममे स एतशो रजांसि देवः सविता महित्वना ॥

Transliteration

yásya prayā́ṇam ánv anyá íd yayúr devā́ devásya mahimā́nam ójasā | yáḥ pā́rthivāni vimamé sá etáśo rajā́ṃsi deváḥ savitā́ mahitvanā́ ||

Translation

Sesudah gerak majunya, para dewa yang lain juga bergerak—dengan kekuatan—menuju kebesaran sang dewa. Dialah yang mengukur wilayah-wilayah bumi: dewa Savitar itu, dengan kuda-kuda pantasnya, telah mengukur ruang-ruang (rajas) dengan keagungan kuasanya.

Word by Word

• यस्य: whose
• यस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रयाणम्: going forth, course, advance
• प्रयाणम्: कर्म (of ‘follow’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्र-या (धातु √या ‘to go’) → प्रयाण (कृदन्त/भाव-नाम)

• अनु: after, along
• अनु: उपपद (governing sense with following verb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु

• अन्यः: another (one)
• अन्यः: कर्तृ (of ‘go/follow’)
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• इत्: indeed, just
• इत्: निपात (emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable (particle)
• Root: इत्

• ययुः: went, have gone
• ययुः: क्रिया (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (to go)

• देवाः: the gods
• देवाः: कर्तृ (of ‘yayuḥ’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवस्य: of the god
• देवस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• महिमानम्: greatness, majesty
• महिमानम्: कर्म (object of knowing/recognizing implied with context)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महिमन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• ओजसा: by power, with might
• ओजसा: करण (instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ओजस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• यः: who
• यः: कर्तृ (relative pronoun; subject)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• पार्थिवानि: earthly regions/things
• पार्थिवानि: कर्म (object of ‘measured’)
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: पार्थिव (प्रातिपदिक; ‘earthly’)

• विममे: measured out
• विममे: क्रिया (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-√मा (to measure)

• सः: he
• सः: कर्तृ (correlative; subject)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• एतशः: Etáśa (the swift one/solar steed)
• एतशः: कर्तृ/विशेषण (apposition to देवः सविता)
• Type: Noun (proper/epithet)
• Root: एतश (प्रातिपदिक; name of Savitṛ’s steed/solar horse)

• रजांसि: spaces, regions (realms)
• रजांसि: कर्म (object in apposition with what is measured/ordered)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रजस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवः: the god
• देवः: कर्तृ (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (прातिपदिक)

• सविता: Savitṛ (the Impeller)
• सविता: कर्तृ (in apposition to देवः)
• Type: Noun (deity name)
• Root: सवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• महित्वना: with grandeur, by greatness
• महित्वना: करण (by/with greatness; manner/instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महित्वन (प्रातिपदिक; ‘greatness, grandeur’)