Shloka 3

त्रिशिरा-प्रबोधनम् तथा नरान्तक-वधः

Trisira’s Counsel and the Slaying of Naranthaka

Devanagari script

नूनंत्रिभुवनस्यापिपर्याप्तस्त्वमसिप्रभो ।स कस्मात्प्राकृतइवशोचस्यात्मानमीदृशम् ।।।।

Transliteration

nūnaṃ tribhuvanasyāpi paryāptas tvam asi prabho |

sa kasmāt prākṛta iva śocasy ātmānam īdṛśam ||

Translation

Sesungguhnya, wahai Baginda, tuanku memadai untuk menaklukkan bahkan tiga alam; mengapa pula tuanku meratap untuk diri sendiri seperti orang biasa, sedemikian rupa?

Word by Word

• नूनम्: surely
• नूनम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nūnam (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: निश्चयार्थक-अव्यय (certainly)

• त्रिभुवनस्य: of the three worlds
• त्रिभुवनस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tri+bhuvana (त्रि + भुवन प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्विगु-समास (त्रीणि भुवनानि), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (genitive singular)

• अपि: even/also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: निपात (also/even)

• पर्याप्तः: capable/sufficient (to conquer)
• पर्याप्तः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pari+āp (परि+आप् धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle used adjectivally: sufficient/competent), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘त्वम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (युष्मद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (nominative singular)

• असि: are
• असि: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (अस् धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (present), मध्यम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• प्रभो: O lord
• प्रभो: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prabhu (प्रभु प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन (vocative)

• सः: you (such as you)
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (nominative singular; ‘you, being such’)

• कस्मात्: why/from what reason
• कस्मात्: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kim (किम् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पञ्चमी-एकवचन-रूपेण प्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय (from what cause? why?)

• प्राकृतः: common/ordinary
• प्राकृतः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prākṛta (प्राकृत प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘त्वम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• इव: as if
• इव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उपमानार्थक-निपात (like/as if)

• शोचसि: grieve
• शोचसि: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śuc (शुच् धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (present), मध्यम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• आत्मानम्: yourself
• आत्मानम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (आत्मन् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (accusative singular; reflexive)

• ईदृशम्: such/like this
• ईदृशम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: īdṛśa (ईदृश प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘आत्मानम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

Context

"O King! You are a conqueror of the three worlds. Why do you wail like a common man?"

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse stresses rāja-dharma: a ruler must maintain steadiness and self-command, especially in crisis; public grief and loss of composure weaken moral authority and collective courage.

What is the narrative situation?

A counsellor rebukes or steadies the king, reminding him of his proclaimed power and questioning his grief as unbecoming of a sovereign.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Dhairya (fortitude) and ātma-saṃyama (self-control), expected as royal virtues in moments of danger.