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Shloka 43

लङ्कानिरीक्षणं व्यूहविन्यासश्च

Survey of Lanka and Deployment of the Battle Formation

Devanagari script

नजानातिपुरावीर्यममयुद्धेसराघवः ।ममचापमयींवीणांशरकोणैःप्रवादिताम् ।।।।ज्याशब्दतुमुलांघोरामार्तभीतमहास्वनाम् ।नाराचतलसन्नादांतांममाहितवाहिनीम् ।।।।अवगाह्यमहारङ्गंवादयिष्याम्यहंरणे ।

Transliteration

na jānāti purā vīryaṃ mama yuddhe sa rāghavaḥ |

mama cāpamayīṃ vīṇāṃ śarakoṇaiḥ pravāditām ||

jyāśabdatumulāṃ ghorām ārtabhītamahāsvanām |

nārācatala-sannādāṃ tāṃ mamāhitavāhinīm ||

avagāhya mahāraṅgaṃ vādayiṣyāmy ahaṃ raṇe ||

Translation

“Rāghava belum pernah mengetahui dahulu keperwiraanku di medan perang. Aku akan menerobos masuk ke tengah bala musuh, lalu dalam pertempuran ini akan ‘memetik’ busurku bagaikan sebuah vīṇā—dibunyikan oleh hujung anak panah; menggerunkan dengan gemuruh dahsyat bunyi tali busur, lantang dengan jerit tangis orang yang sengsara dan ketakutan, bergema seperti dentang besi anak panah nārāca. Menyelam ke gelanggang perang yang luas, aku akan memainkannya dalam laga.”

Word by Word
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय
jānātiknows
jānāti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootjñā (धातु)
Formलट् (present), परस्मैपद, तृतीय-पुरुष, एकवचन
purāformerly
purā:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpurā (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)
vīryamvalor
vīryam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvīrya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन
mamamy
mama:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन
yuddhein war
yuddhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootyuddha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
rāghavaḥRāghava (Rāma)
rāghavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; apposition to saḥ
mamamy
mama:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन
cāpa-mayīmbow-made
cāpa-mayīm:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcāpa (प्रातिपदिक) + maya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तद्धितान्त (मयट्) 'made of/consisting of bow'
vīṇāmvīṇā (lute)
vīṇām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvīṇā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन
śara-koṇaiḥwith arrow-points
śara-koṇaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootśara (प्रातिपदिक) + koṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: शराणां कोणाः (arrow-points)
pravāditāmmade to resound
pravāditām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvad (धातु) + pra (उपसर्ग) + ṇic + kta
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; णिजन्त-कर्मणि क्त (causative PPP) = 'made to sound'
jyā-śabda-tumulāmtumultuous with bowstring-sound
jyā-śabda-tumulām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootjyā (प्रातिपदिक) + śabda (प्रातिपदिक) + tumula (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ज्यायाः शब्दः (bowstring-sound) + tumula (tumultuous)
ghorāmterrible
ghorām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootghora (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण
ārta-bhīta-mahāsvanāmloud with cries of the distressed and frightened
ārta-bhīta-mahāsvanām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootārta (प्रातिपदिक) + bhīta (कृदन्त; bhī (धातु)+kta) + mahāsvana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: आर्त-भीतानां महा-स्वनः यस्याः (having great sound of the distressed and frightened)
nārāca-tala-sannādāmresounding like the clang of nārāca-iron
nārāca-tala-sannādām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnārāca (प्रातिपदिक) + tala (प्रातिपदिक) + sannāda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: नाराच-तलस्य सन्नादः (clang of iron arrow-head/plate)
tāmthat (vīṇā)
tām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; refers to vīṇām
mamamy
mama:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन
āhita-vāhinīmthat penetrates the host
āhita-vāhinīm:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootāhita (कृदन्त; dhā (धातु)+ā+kta) + vāhinī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: आहिता (प्रविष्टा/निहिता) वाḥ वाहीनी (army/host) यस्याः; here 'directed/entered into the host' (epithet of vīṇā metaphor)
avagāhyahaving plunged into
avagāhya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootava-gāh (धातु) + lyap
Formल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय-भाव (gerund) = 'having plunged/entered'
mahāraṅgamthe great arena
mahāraṅgam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + raṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; कर्मधारय: महान् रङ्गः (great arena/stage)
vādayiṣyāmiI will play (make resound)
vādayiṣyāmi:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvad (धातु) + ṇic (causative)
Formलृट् (simple future), परस्मैपद, उत्तम-पुरुष, एकवचन; णिजन्त = 'I will cause to sound/play'
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
raṇein battle
raṇe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन
Context

The dove-eyed Sita is obstructed by Ravana there (at Lanka) like the planet Rohini is caught by the red coloured planet (Mars).

Characters & Entities
R
Rāvaṇa
R
Rāma (Rāghava)
B
Bow (cāpa)
A
Arrows (śara/nārāca)
V
Vīṇā (metaphor)

FAQs

The verse illustrates how Adharma aestheticizes violence—turning warfare into ‘music’—whereas Dharma treats force as a last resort governed by restraint and truth.

Rāvaṇa imagines his entry into battle, boasting that his bow and arrows will create a terrifying din and overwhelm the opposing host.

Negatively, it emphasizes Rāvaṇa’s vainglory and delight in intimidation; by contrast, it sets the stage for Rāma’s disciplined, dharmic warfare.

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