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Shloka 57

सत्यपाशः

Kaikeyi’s Demand and the Noose of the King’s Promise

क्षिप्रमाज्ञाप्यतां राजन्राघवस्याभिषेचनम्। यथा ह्यपालाः पशवो यथा सेना ह्यनायका।।2.14.56।।यथा चन्द्रं विना रात्रिर्यथा गावो विना वृषम्। एवं हि भविता राष्ट्रं यत्र राजा न दृश्यते।।2.14.57।।

yathā candraṃ vinā rātrir yathā gāvo vinā vṛṣam | evaṃ hi bhavitā rāṣṭraṃ yatra rājā na dṛśyate ||

Seperti malam tanpa bulan, seperti lembu tanpa jantan; demikianlah negeri menjadi hampa apabila raja tidak kelihatan.

yathājust as
yathā:
Upamāna-dyotaka (उपमान- द्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, comparative particle (उपमानवाचक)
candramthe moon
candram:
Karma (कर्म) with vinā (without)
TypeNoun
Rootcandra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
vināwithout
vinā:
Apādāna/viraha-dyotaka (वियोग- द्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvinā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, preposition-like indeclinable (उपपद), governs Accusative (द्वितीया)
rātriḥnight
rātriḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (in implied comparison)
TypeNoun
Rootrātri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
yathājust as
yathā:
Upamāna-dyotaka (उपमान- द्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, comparative particle
gāvaḥcows
gāvaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (in implied comparison)
TypeNoun
Rootgo (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
vināwithout
vinā:
Viraha-dyotaka (वियोग- द्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvinā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, upapada governing Accusative
vṛṣama bull
vṛṣam:
Karma (कर्म) with vinā
TypeNoun
Rootvṛṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
evamthus/likewise
evam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootevam (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, manner adverb (प्रकारवाचक)
hiindeed
hi:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, particle (निपात), emphasis
bhavitāwill become
bhavitā:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (धातु)
FormLuṭ-lakāra (लुट्, periphrastic future), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
rāṣṭramkingdom/state
rāṣṭram:
Karta (कर्ता) (subject of bhavitā)
TypeNoun
Rootrāṣṭra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
yatrawhere
yatra:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa-dyotaka (देश-अधिकरण द्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyatra (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, relative adverb (सम्बन्धबोधक), locative sense
rājāking
rājā:
Karta (कर्ता) (of dṛśyate, in negation)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
nanot
na:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, negation particle (निषेध)
dṛśyateis seen/appears
dṛśyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dṛś (धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (लट्, present), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), passive (कर्मणि): "is seen"

O king Rama's installation may be promptly ordered. As herds without herdsman, army without commander, night without the Moon, and cows without a bull, so is a kingdom without a king.

S
Sumantra
D
Daśaratha
R
rāṣṭra (kingdom)
R
rājā (king)
C
candra (moon)

FAQs

Dharma is the sustaining presence of rightful authority: governance is not merely power but the stabilizing principle that prevents social and moral disarray.

Continuing his counsel, Sumantra heightens the urgency by comparing a kingless realm to natural and pastoral conditions lacking their sustaining counterpart.

Concern for the common good: the minister frames kingship as a necessity for the realm’s well-being, not personal grandeur.