Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 18, Shloka 5

पुत्रजन्मोत्सवः — Birth of the Princes and Viśvāmitra’s Arrival

Bālakāṇḍa 18

Devanagari script

गतेषु पृथिवीशेषु राजा दशरथस्तदा।प्रविवेश पुरीं श्रीमान् पुरस्कृत्य द्विजोत्तमान्।।।।

Transliteration

gateṣu pṛthivīśeṣu rājā daśarathas tadā | praviveśa purīṃ śrīmān puraskṛtya dvijottamān ||

Translation

諸王が去ったのち、栄光あるダシャラタ王は都城へ入った。先には、敬意をもって最上のバラモンたちが導き進んだ。

Word by Word

• गतेषु: when (they) had gone / after (they) departed
• गतेषु: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative setting)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गत (कृदन्त; √गम् धातु)
• Form: सप्तमी विभक्ति (Locative/सप्तमी), बहुवचन (Plural); क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि/भूतकाले कृदन्त (past passive participle)

• पृथिवीशेषु: among the kings (lords of the earth)
• पृथिवीशेषु: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative setting)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी-ईश (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सप्तमी (Locative/सप्तमी), बहुवचन (Plural); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: पृथिव्याः ईशाः = पृथिवीशाः

• राजा: the king
• राजा: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular)

• दशरथः: Daśaratha
• दशरथः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject; apposition to राजा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दशरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तदा: then
• तदा: क्रियाविशेषण (Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• प्रविवेश: entered
• प्रविवेश: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-√विश् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/लिट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• पुरीम्: the city (capital)
• पुरीम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• श्रीमान्: illustrious, splendid
• श्रीमान्: कर्ता (Kartā; qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रीमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (adjective) of राजा/दशरथः

• पुरस्कृत्य: having placed in front / having honored and led (them) ahead
• पुरस्कृत्य: क्रियाविशेषण (Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa; manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुरस्-√कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund/absolutive); पूर्वकर्म (prior action)

• द्विजोत्तमान्: the foremost Brahmins
• द्विजोत्तमान्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज-उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), बहुवचन; कर्मपद (object of पुरस्कृत्य); षष्ठी/कर्मधारय-भावार्थः: द्विजानाम् उत्तमाः

Context

After the departure of the rulers, the exalted king Dasaratha preceded by the foremost of brahmins entered the city (of Ayodhya).

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Ayodhyā (implied capital city)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Rajadharma includes honoring spiritual and scholarly authority; Daśaratha’s public precedence to eminent brāhmaṇas models reverence for dharma-guiding counsel.

What is the narrative situation?

After an assembly of rulers concludes and the visiting kings depart, Daśaratha returns into the capital, accompanied and ceremonially preceded by leading brāhmaṇas.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Humility and dharmic kingship—Daśaratha’s respect for learned brāhmaṇas and adherence to proper royal conduct.