Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 78, Shloka 13

अष्टसप्ततितमः सर्गः — Śatrughna’s Fury and Bharata’s Restraint

Mantharā Episode

Devanagari script

तत स्सुभृशसन्तप्तस्तस्या स्सर्व स्सखीजनः।क्रुद्धमाज्ञाय शत्रुघ्नं विपलायत सर्वशः।।।।

Transliteration

tataḥ subhṛśa-santaptaḥ tasyāḥ sarvaḥ sakhījanaḥ | kruddham ājñāya śatrughnaṃ vipalāyata sarvaśaḥ ||

Translation

すると彼女の仲間たちはひどく動揺し、シャトルグナの怒りを悟って、四方へと逃げ散った。

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: काल/क्रम (Sequence adjunct)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अपादान/क्रमवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: 'then/thereupon')

• सुभृशसन्तप्तः: extremely distressed
• सुभृशसन्तप्तः: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुभृश + सन्तप्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular); कर्मधारय: सुभृशं सन्तप्तः (greatly distressed)

• तस्याः: of her
• तस्याः: सम्बन्ध (Genitival relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम, प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन (Feminine, Genitive, Singular)

• सर्वः: all
• सर्वः: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular); सखीजनः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• सखीजनः: the group of companions
• सखीजनः: कर्ता (Agent/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखीजन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular); समास: सखीनां जनः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)

• क्रुद्धम्: angry
• क्रुद्धम्: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (Masculine, Accusative, Singular); शत्रुघ्नम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• आज्ञाय: having known
• आज्ञाय: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Prior action/पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय, absolutive/gerund) अव्ययभाव

• शत्रुघ्नम्: Shatrughna
• शत्रुघ्नम्: कर्म (Object of knowing/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रुघ्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (Masculine, Accusative, Singular)

• विपलायत: fled/ran away
• विपलायत: क्रिया (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + पलाय् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद (3rd person singular)

• सर्वशः: in all directions
• सर्वशः: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सर्वशः (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकार/दिशावाचक-अव्यय (adverb: 'in all ways/directions')

Context

Perceiving the enraged Satrughna all her companions shook in terror and fled in different directions.

Characters & Entities

• Śatrughna
• Mantharā (implied by tasyāḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Unchecked anger creates fear and disorder; dharma in governance and family life requires composure so that justice does not become intimidation.

What is the narrative situation?

Mantharā’s companions see Śatrughna’s rage and scatter to escape harm.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Not a virtue but a cautionary trait: the intimidating force of wrath, showing how power without restraint destabilizes those nearby.