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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 53, Shloka 10

पञ्चाशत्तमः सर्गः (Sarga 53)

Rāma’s Lament, Vigil for Sītā, and Lakṣmaṇa’s Consolation

को ह्यविद्वानपि पुमान् प्रमदायाः कृते त्यजेत्।छन्दानुवर्तिनं पुत्रं तातो मामिव लक्ष्मण।।।।

ko hy avidvān api pumān pramadāyāḥ kṛte tyajet | chandānuvartinaṃ putraṃ tāto mām iva lakṣmaṇa ||2.53.10||

Wahai Laksmana, lelaki mana—meski tak berilmu—yang demi seorang perempuan akan meninggalkan putra yang patuh seperti aku, sebagaimana ayahku telah meninggalkanku?

कःwho?
कः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; प्रश्नार्थक
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), निश्चयार्थ (indeed)
अविद्वान्an ignorant man
अविद्वान्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअविद्वस्/विद्वस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; ‘अ-’ नकार (negation)
अपिeven
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसम्भावन/अपि-समुच्चयार्थक निपात (even/also)
पुमान्a man
पुमान्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपुमांस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
प्रमदायाःof a woman
प्रमदायाः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमदा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
कृतेfor the sake (of)
कृते:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकृत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; अर्थे ‘हेतोः/निमित्ते’ = ‘for the sake of’ (idiomatic locative)
त्यजेत्would abandon
त्यजेत्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
छन्दानुवर्तिनम्obedient (to one’s wish)
छन्दानुवर्तिनम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootछन्द + अनुवर्तिन् (प्रातिपदिकौ)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (छन्दस्य अनुवर्तिन् = obedient to will); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
तातःdear one
तातः:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootतात (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सम्बोधनार्थे स्नेहवाचकः (here: ‘dear one’)
माम्me
माम्:
Upamana (उपमान/standard of comparison)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
इवlike
इव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/comparison)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमावाचक अव्यय (comparative particle)
लक्ष्मणO Lakshmana
लक्ष्मण:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootलक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

O Lakshmana, will even an illiterate man for the sake of a woman ever abandon his son like me who is faithful and obedient, as did my father?

R
Rāma
L
Lakṣmaṇa
D
Daśaratha (implied by 'father')

FAQs

The verse questions a lapse in discernment: dharma requires reasoned judgment not to sacrifice rightful duty and familial responsibility under overpowering attachment.

Rāma, pained by exile, speaks candidly to Lakṣmaṇa about being forsaken by his father under Kaikeyī’s influence.

Rāma’s frankness and moral clarity—he articulates the ethical problem even while personally suffering.