Varaha Purana 49.40: Adhyaya 49, Shloka 40

The Padmanābha Dvādaśī Observance, with the Eulogy of Lamp-Offering Merit

Pūrva Bhāga · Vrata-Dāna-Māhātmya (Observances and their Results)

Devanagari script

सपत्नीको नृपवरॊ द्वादशीं समुपोष्य च । इह जन्मनि राजा ऽसौ पुत्रपौत्रांस्तथा ऽऽप्तवान् ॥ ४९.४० ॥

Recitation with translationVaraha Purana 49.40

Transliteration

sapatnīko nṛpavaro dvādaśīṃ samupoṣya ca | iha janmani rājā 'sau putrapautrāṃs tathā 'ptavān || 49.40 ||

ITRANS transliteration

Translation

Modern Hindi

वो बड़ा राजा अपनी पत्नी के साथ द्वादशी का व्रत रखता। इसी जनम में उसे बेटे और पोत्ते मिल गए।

Ask anything about this verse...Ask

Word by Word

• सपत्नीकाḥ: together with his wife
• Type: Adjective
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि ‘having (his) wife’ (with wife)
• Role: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/विशेषण)
• Root: स + पत्नी + क (प्रातिपदिक)

• नृपवरः: the excellent king
• Type: Noun
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ‘best of kings’
• Role: कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
• Root: नृप + वर (प्रातिपदिक)

• द्वादशीम्: the Dvādaśī (fast)
• Type: Noun
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
• Role: कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
• Root: द्वादशी (प्रातिपदिक)

• समुपोष्य: having fully observed the fast
• Type: Verb
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund) with prefixes सम्+उप; ‘having duly fasted’
• Role: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Purvakala-kriya/पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Root: उपवस्/उपोष् (धातु)

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय
• Role: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/सम्बन्ध)
• Root: च (अव्यय)

• इह: here
• Type: Indeclinable
• Form: देश-अव्यय
• Role: अधिकरण (Adhikarana/अधिकरण)
• Root: इह (अव्यय)

• जन्मनि: in (this) birth
• Type: Noun
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
• Role: अधिकरण (Adhikarana/अधिकरण)
• Root: जन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• राजा: the king
• Type: Noun
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
• Role: कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• असौ: that (king)/he
• Type: Noun
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; demonstrative ‘that/he’
• Role: कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
• Root: असद्/असौ (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• पुत्रपौत्रान्: sons and grandsons
• Type: Noun
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व ‘sons and grandsons’
• Role: कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
• Root: पुत्र + पौत्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• तथा: thus/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Form: प्रकार-अव्यय (adverb ‘thus/so/also’)
• Role: क्रियाविशेषण (Kriyāviśeṣaṇa/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)

• आप्तवान्: obtained
• Type: Verb
• Form: क्तवतुँ-प्रत्यय, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘obtained’
• Role: क्रिया (Kriya/क्रिया)
• Root: आप् (धातु)

Sandhi Notes

• राजा ऽसौ = राजा + असौ
• तथाऽऽप्तवान् = तथा + आप्तवान्. Note: Devanagari has सपत्नीको
• expected nominative singular masculine is सपत्नीको (ending -o) in some orthographies
• analyzed as sapatnīkaḥ (प्रथमा एकवचन)

Speaker and setting

Shanta and Vira rasaSetting: Householder/royal ritual sphere

Speaker

Varāha

The teaching

Kind of teaching

Gṛhastha-dharma / bhakti

Subjects

EthicsRitual ObservanceKingship

Core idea

Shared religious discipline of husband and wife stabilizes both family and polity; dharma generates tangible social goods (progeny, continuity).

In practice

Perform vows jointly within the household; integrate devotion with responsibilities of lineage and governance.

Dharma

Vrata

Mathura and Krishna

Cross references

Tags

• Classical Literature
• Purāṇic Narrative
• Vaiṣṇavism
• Dharmaśāstra-related Themes

FAQs

What is the historical significance of this verse?

It reflects a common Purāṇic didactic pattern where royal exempla are used to frame vrata (observance) as a socially stabilizing ethic, linking disciplined practice with ideals of lineage continuity and governance.

Which geographic location is identified?

No specific geographic location is named in this verse; it focuses on the merit/result of observing Dvādaśī.

What is the primary ethical instruction?

The verse presents disciplined observance (fasting on Dvādaśī, undertaken jointly with one’s spouse) as a model of ethical self-regulation associated with prosperity and familial continuity.