Description of the Torments within the Cycle of Rebirth: Hymn to Yama and the Introduction to Citragupta’s Administration
निघ्नन्तश्च हसन्तश्च दूताः निष्ठुरवादिनः ॥ भोभो कृतघ्ना लुब्धाश्च परदाराभिमर्शकाः
nighnantaś ca hasantaś ca dūtā niṣṭhuravādinaḥ || bhobho kṛtaghnā lubdhāś ca paradārābhimarśakāḥ
वोह दूत मारते हैं और हँसते हैं। वोह बड़े कठोर बात करते हैं। वोह कहते हैं, अरे तुम लोग तोह शुक्र घाटे हो। तुम लालच में रहते हो। तुम दूसरों की औरतों के साथ गलत काम करते हो।
Varāha
It exemplifies the Purāṇic rhetoric of moral warning through dramatic speech attributed to punitive agents (dūtas), a common didactic device.
No geographic identifier is present; the setting is a generalized punitive realm described through narrative markers.
It condemns ingratitude, greed, and sexual violation of others’ spouses as grave ethical transgressions.
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