Rig Veda 9.110.4: Mandala 9, Sukta 110, Mantra 4
Sukta 9.110
- Rishi
- Pavam01na Soma hymn tradition
- Devata
- Soma Pavam01na
- Rasa
- Shanta (peace) and Adbhuta (wonder)
अजीजनो अमृत मर्त्येष्वाँ ऋतस्य धर्मन्नमृतस्य चारुणः । सदासरो वाजमच्छा सनिष्यदत् ॥
aj2bd6jano am 5bta m e1rtye 63v 0101 5bt e1sya dh e1rmann am 5bt e1sya c01d6ru 47a 25 d6 s e1d01saro v01d6am e1cch01 s e1ni 63yadat d6
सोम ने इंसानों में अमृत पैदा किया है। मरने वाले लोगों में भी वो ज़िंदा रहने की बात डाल दी। यह धरम का काम है, जो सही है और सुंदर है। सोम हमेशा बहता रहता है, ताकत की तरफ बढ़ता है, उसे पकड़ने के लिए।
Word by Word
- अजीजनः
- you generated/producedVerbलुङ् (aorist), परस्मैपद, 2nd person singularRole (मुख्य क्रिया) —Root √जन् (जनयति/जायते) ; causative stem जनय-
- अमृत
- O immortal (Soma)Noun (vocative) / Adjective used substantivelyनपुंसकलिङ्ग, संबोधन (vocative), एकवचनRole सम्बोधनRoot अ-मृत (प्रातिपदिक: अमृत-)
- मर्त्येषु
- among mortalsNounपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचनRole अधिकारणRoot मर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक: मर्त्य-)
- आन्
- towards; indeed (directive particle)Indeclinable (particle) / preverbial elementअव्ययRoot आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + √अञ्च्/अश्? (here as particle of direction/intensifier)
- ऋतस्य
- of ṛta (cosmic order/true law)Nounनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचनRole सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)Root ऋत (प्रातिपदिक: ऋत-)
- धर्मन्
- the support/ordinance (foundation)Nounपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (Vedic -न् stem; here as apposition)Role कर्तृ/कर्म-सम्बद्ध (appositional epithet)Root धर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक: धर्मन्-)
- अमृतस्य
- of immortalityNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचनRole सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)Root अमृत (प्रातिपदिक: अमृत-)
- चारुणः
- of the lovely/beautiful oneAdjective (used substantively) / Noun-like epithetपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचनRole सम्बन्ध (genitive epithet)Root चारु (प्रातिपदिक: चारु-)
- सदासरः
- ever-flowingAdjective (epithet)पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचनRole कर्तृ (of the following verb)Root सदासर (प्रातिपदिक: सदासर-)
- वाजम्
- prize; strength; (victory-)bootyNounपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचनRole कर्मRoot वाज (प्रातिपदिक: वाज-)
- अच्छा
- towardsIndeclinableअव्ययRole (directional adverb)Root अच्छा (अव्यय)
- सनिष्यदत्
- he strove to win; he sought to obtainVerbलुङ्/इम्पर्फेक्ट-like Vedic finite form, 3rd person singularRole (मुख्य क्रिया) —Root √सन् (to win, obtain) ; desiderative stem सनिṣ्य- + √सद् (to sit) as auxiliary? (Vedic compound/formation)
Sandhi Notes
- Sandhi resolution (pada-wise): अजी॑जनो → अजीजनः (final ओ = visarga sandhi in pada text)
- मर्त्ये॒ष्वाँ → मर्त्येषु + आन् (Vedic sandhi: -एषु + आन् with lengthening/assimilation; ān is a particle/augment-like element in Saṃhitā)
- धर्म॑न्न॒मृत॑स्य → धर्मन् + अमृतस्य (n-stem धर्मन् before vowel)
- चारु॑णः । सदा॑सरो॒ → चारुणः । सदासरः (visarga before s-)
- वाज॒मच्छा॒ → वाजम् + अच्छा (m + a- sandhi)
The meaning
Outer meaning
You have generated the immortal among mortals, establishing the law of ṛta, the beautiful movement of immortality. Ever-flowing, you press toward the plenitude, seeking its secure attainment.
Inner meaning
Pavamāna Soma brings amṛta (the deathless consciousness) into the mortal nature—making immortality active within embodied life. It establishes ṛtasya dharman: the stable law of right order in the being, and the ‘beautiful movement’ (cāruṇaḥ) of immortality—harmonious progress without distortion. Ever-flowing, it drives toward vāja (plenitude) and seeks firm realization (saniṣyadat): not a passing experience but a secured attainment.
Universal truth
Immortality is not elsewhere; it can be generated within mortal life when consciousness is purified and aligned to ṛta, leading to stable abundance and fulfilled realization.
Themes
Rita establishment, Immortality in mortals, Soma as transforming power, Attainment of vāja
The seer
- Rishi
- Pavamāna Soma hymn tradition (RV 9.110)
- Other hymns
- RV 9.110.1, RV 9.110.2, RV 9.110.3
Significance
This verse is central to the inner doctrine: Soma as the generator of amṛta in martya—immortality realized in life through ṛta and sustained flow.
The deity
- Devata
- Soma Pavamāna
- Epithets
- Amṛta-jan (generator of immortality), Sadāsara (ever-flowing), Ṛta-dharman (establisher of ṛta’s law)
- Related deities
- Varuṇa (ṛta), Mitra, Indra, Agni
Cosmic role
Makes immortality operative in the mortal worlds; maintains ṛta; leads to plenitude and secure attainment.
Inner power
A continuous ananda-current that reorganizes nature into truth-order and stabilizes higher realization.
In ritual
Where it is used
Soma filtration/offerings; chants affirming Soma’s immortalizing power
अजी॑जनो अमृत॒ मर्त्ये॒ष्वाँ ऋ॒तस्य॒ धर्म॑न्न॒मृत॑स्य॒ चारु॑णः । सदा॑सरो॒ वाज॒मच्छा॒ सनि॑ष्यदत् ॥
अजी॑जनः । अ॒मृ॒त॒ । मर्त्ये॑षु । आ । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । धर्म॑न् । अ॒मृत॑स्य । चारु॑णः । सदा॑ । अ॒स॒रः॒ । वाज॑म् । अच्छ॑ । सनि॑स्यदत् ॥
ajījanaḥ | amṛta | martyeṣu | ā | ṛtasya | dharman | amṛtasya | cāruṇaḥ | sadā | asaraḥ | vājam | accha | sanisyadat
44
4 × ~11 (probable)
Grave, establishing rhythm (dharman) followed by steady forward flow
Creates solemn stability and aspiration for permanence; supports integration of higher states into daily life.
- अमृत (amṛta)
- Literal: immortal, deathless. Symbolic: deathless consciousness; timeless being-force within the embodied
- मर्त्येषु (martyeṣu)
- Literal: among mortals. Symbolic: within the physical-vital-mental nature
- ऋतस्य धर्मन् (ṛtasya dharman)
- Literal: law/foundation of ṛta. Symbolic: stable right order; truth-structured functioning of the nature
- चारुणः (cāruṇaḥ)
- Literal: beautiful, lovely. Symbolic: harmonious, luminous movement of the higher life
- सदा असरः (sadā asaraḥ)
- Literal: ever flowing. Symbolic: continuous current of purification and delight
- वाजम् (vājam)
- Literal: plenitude. Symbolic: abundance of power, light, joy, effective capacity
- सनिṣ्यदत् (saniṣyadat)
- Literal: seeking to win/secure. Symbolic: stabilizing realization; making the gain irreversible
Doctrinally central Soma verse used in purification chants; aligns Soma with ṛta and am 5bta, supporting the sacrificers aspiration to immortality.
During Pavamāna sequences emphasizing ṛta and amṛta
Chant to consecrate Soma as the immortal essence entering the sacrificer
Use for integrating spiritual experiences: chant after meditation to ‘seal’ realization into conduct, rhythm, and values (ṛta).
am 5bta (a- + m 5bta) from √mṛ 'to die' 'deathless'. ṛta from √ṛ 'to move rightly, fit' truth as right ordering in movement (not abstract truth only). dharman from √dhṛ 'to hold, uphold' the supporting law. c01ru 'beautiful, pleasing' signals not aesthetics alone but harmonious rightness. asara from √sṛ 'to flow' Soma as ever-flowing consciousness. v01ja as achieved force-fullness. Inner sense: Soma generates the immortal principle in the mortal nature by installing ṛta-dharma, the stable law of right consciousness.
Rita (cosmic order, truth-in-action), Amṛta (immortality in mortal life), Dharma as sustaining law
Explicit: Soma establishes ṛta’s dharman—truth-law as the basis of life.
Immortality becomes satya in life when it is stabilized as functioning order, not mere vision.
Descent/manifestation of the deathless into the mortal as evolutionary fulfillment.
Strong bridge to Upaniṣadic Vedānta: immortality realized here through truth-order and continuous discipline.
A continuous current of purified delight establishes truth-order in the psyche and brings a stable sense of deathless being into embodied life.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- The descent/birth of immortality in the mortal and the establishment of ṛta (cosmic right order). Mythically, Soma is the mediator between worlds; inwardly, he installs the law of right consciousness so the deathless principle can manifest in embodied life.
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- amṛta is a transparent privative formation (PIE *n2- / *mṛ- 'die' family; Sanskrit √mṛ has IE cognates for mortality). dharman from √dhṛ links to PIE *dher- 'to hold, support' (cf. English firm, Latin firmus via related developments). ṛta is an Indo-Iranian key term (Avestan aša) reflecting a shared IE concern with cosmic order as rightness.
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The rṣi attributes to Soma the decisive inner work the human cannot do by surface effort: generating amṛta within martya and fixing ṛta-dharma. The hymn implies surrender and collaboration: the aspirant provides the field (mortal nature and sacrifice), Soma provides the transforming law and flow.
Contemplate ‘amṛta in martya’: feel a still, deathless presence behind breath and thought; then align actions to ṛta (truthful rhythm).
Sahasrāra (deathless being) grounded through Mūlādhāra (stable dharman)
Slow coherent breathing (5-5) to establish steadiness; end with natural breath, sensing ‘ever-flowing’ continuity
Quiet, stable, integrated awareness; sense of permanence
After chanting, choose one concrete alignment to ṛta (truth in speech, order in habit, purity in motive). Let Soma be ‘sadāsara’—a continuous remembrance rather than a peak state.
Keep Vedic accents (udatta/anudatta/svarita) per śākhā; exact placements require accented RV source.
Chant ‘ṛtasya dharman’ with steadiness and weight; let ‘sadā asaraḥ’ flow smoothly without breaks.
: short a, retroflex ṛ, : ‘martyeṣu’ with clear ty cluster, : vocalic ṛ; do not add a preceding vowel, : separate words; ‘asaraḥ’ with soft visarga
Deep, even, grounded; sustained resonance
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