Rig Veda 7.82.5: Mandala 7, Sukta 82, Mantra 5
Sukta 7.82
- Rishi
- Vasiṣṭha
- Devata
- Indra-Varuṇa
- Chandas
- Triṣṭubh
- Rasa
- Adbhuta (wonder) and Vira (heroism)
इन्द्रावरुणा यदिमानि चक्रथुर्विश्वा जातानि भुवनस्य मज्मना । क्षेमेण मित्रो वरुणं दुवस्यति मरुद्भिरुग्रः शुभमन्य ईयते ॥
índrāvaruṇā yád imā́ni cakráthur víśvā jātā́ni bhúvanasya majmánā | kṣémēṇa mitró váruṇaṃ duvasyáti marúdbhir ugráḥ śúbham anyá īyate ||
इंद्र और वरुण, तुमने दुनिया में सब पैदा किया। तुम्हारी बड़ी ताकत से यह सब हुआ। मित्र शांति से वरुण की सेवा करता है। मरुत के साथ दूसरा बला आगे बढ़ता है और अच्छा काम करता है।
Word by Word
- इन्द्रावरुणा
- Indra and VaruṇaNoun (dual compound)पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; द्विवचनRole कर्तृRoot इन्द्र + वरुण
- यदि
- if, whenIndeclinableसम्बन्ध/शर्त (conditional particle)Root यदि
- इमानि
- these (things)Pronounनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया; बहुवचनRole कर्मRoot इदम्
- चक्रथुः
- you two have made/doneVerbलिट् (परिपूर्ण/परफेक्ट); परस्मैपद; उत्तम? (न) → मध्यम? (न) → प्रथमपुरुष; द्विवचनRoot कृ
- विश्वा
- all (things)Adjective (used substantively)नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया; बहुवचनRole कर्मRoot विश्व
- जातानि
- born, producedParticiple/Adjectiveभूतकृदन्त (क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया; बहुवचनRole कर्मRoot जात (√जन्) अथवा √जन् (कृदन्ताधार)
- भुवनस्य
- of the world/existenceNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी; एकवचनRole सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)Root भुवन
- मज्मना
- by (your) greatness/mightNounपुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया; एकवचनRole करणRoot मज्मन्
- क्षेमेण
- with welfare/peaceNounपुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया; एकवचनRole करणRoot क्षेम
- मित्रः
- MitraNoun (deity)पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole कर्तृRoot मित्र
- वरुणम्
- VaruṇaNoun (deity)पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचनRole कर्मRoot वरुण
- दुवस्यति
- serves, honors, worshipsVerbलट्; परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचनRoot दुवस्/दुवस्य (denom.)
- मरुद्भिः
- with the MarutsNounपुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया; बहुवचनRole करण/सहकारकRoot मरुत्
- उग्रः
- the fierce oneAdjective (substantive)पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole कर्तृRoot उग्र
- शुभम्
- splendor/auspicious goodNoun/Adjective (substantive)नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचनRole कर्मRoot शुभ
- अन्यः
- another (one)Pronoun/Adjectiveपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; एकवचनRole कर्तृRoot अन्य
- ईयते
- goes, advancesVerbलट्; आत्मनेपद; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचनRoot इ/ई (√इ ‘to go’)
Sandhi Notes
- पदच्छेद (sandhi-resolved): इन्द्रा-वरुणा यदि इमानि च चक्रथुः | विश्वा जातानि भुवनस्य मज्मना | क्षेमेण मित्रः वरुणम् दुवस्यति | मरुद्भिः उग्रः शुभम् अन्यः ईयते || 1) इन्द्रा॑वरुणा॒ = इन्द्रा + वरुणा (द्वन्द्व, द्विवचन)
- 2) च॒क्रथु॒ः is lिट् 3rd dual of √कृ
- 3) मरुद्भि॑रु॒ग्रः = मरुद्भिः + उग्रः (विसर्ग-लोप/रुत्व-प्रवृत्ति before vowel)
- 4) शुभ॑म॒न्य = शुभम् + अन्यः (म् + अ → म् preserved; accent in saṃhitā)
- 5) अन्य ईयते = अन्यः + ईयते (visarga dropped before vowel in saṃhitā)
- Accents as in saṃहितापाठ: इन्द्रा॑वरुणा॒ / यदि॒ / इमानि॑ / च॒क्रथु॒ः / विश्वा॑ / जा॒तानि॒ / भुव॑नस्य / म॒ज्मना॑ / क्षेमे॑ण / मि॒त्रो / वरु॑णं / दुव॒स्यति॑ / म॒रुद्भि॑ः / उ॒ग्रः / शुभ॑म् / अ॒न्यः / ई॑यते
The meaning
Outer meaning
Indra and Varuṇa have fashioned all beings/births of the world by their vast greatness. By peace Mitra serves Varuṇa; the other, fierce, with the Maruts moves toward the shining good.
Inner meaning
The verse presents a differentiated harmony of divine powers. Indra-Varuṇa are not merely helpers; they are formative creators of the ‘births’ (jātāni) of the world—i.e., the emergent forms and movements of consciousness in manifestation. Varuṇa is served by Mitra ‘by peace’ (kṣemeṇa): Mitra is the power of harmonious relation, luminous consent, and right agreement—he supports Varuṇa’s law not by coercion but by concord. ‘The other’ (Indra), fierce (ugra), moves with the Maruts (storm-gods = dynamic life-forces) toward śubham, the shining good: the progressive, victorious emergence of divine rightness in life. Psychologically: peace and harmony consolidate the law of truth within; dynamic forces, rightly led, drive the evolution toward a brighter good. The seeker learns to coordinate calm harmony (Mitra-Varuṇa) with energetic advance (Indra-Maruts).
Universal truth
Creation and transformation require both harmonizing peace and courageous dynamism. When relationship and law are grounded in peace, force can move safely toward the good.
Themes
Cosmic governance, Integration of deities, Peace and force, World-order (ṛta)
The seer
- Rishi
- Vasiṣṭha
- Lineage
- Vasiṣṭha (Maitrāvaruṇa)
- Other hymns
- RV 7.60-66 (Mitra-Varuṇa themes within Maṇḍala 7), RV 7.86-88 (Varuṇa), RV 7.82 (Indra-Varuṇa)
Family tradition
Vasiṣṭha hymns often articulate the Āditya complex (Varuṇa-Mitra) and their ethical-spiritual order, while also invoking Indra’s victorious dynamism.
Significance
This mantra is a compact map of integral harmony: peace-based order (Mitra-Varuṇa) plus forceful progress (Indra-Maruts) toward the shining good.
The deity
- Devata
- Indra-Varuṇa (with Mitra and Maruts)
- Epithets
- उग्रः (ugraḥ) fierce (Indra), महिमा/मज्मन् (majman) vast greatness (their creative magnitude)
- Related deities
- Mitra, Maruts, Ādityas
Cosmic role
Creators/sustainers of manifested orders; Varuṇa upheld by Mitra’s harmony; Indra propelled by Maruts’ dynamism toward auspicious evolution.
Inner power
Varuṇa: law, vast containment; Mitra: peaceful consent and clarity in relations; Indra: breakthrough illumination; Maruts: energized impulses disciplined to serve the ascent.
In ritual
Where it is used
Praise in Śrauta contexts emphasizing cosmic order and auspicious progress; also suitable in rites for peace (kṣema) and victory (ugra with Maruts).
इन्द्रा॑वरुणा॒ यदि॒मानि॑ च॒क्रथु॒र्विश्वा॑ जा॒तानि॒ भुव॑नस्य म॒ज्मना॑ । क्षेमे॑ण मि॒त्रो वरु॑णं दुव॒स्यति॑ म॒रुद्भि॑रु॒ग्रः शुभ॑म॒न्य ई॑यते ॥
इन्द्रा॑वरुणा । यत् । इ॒मानि॑ । च॒क्रथुः॑ । विश्वा॑ । जा॒तानि॑ । भुव॑नस्य । म॒ज्मना॑ । क्षेमे॑ण । मि॒त्रः । वरु॑णम् । दु॒व॒स्यति॑ । म॒रुत्ऽभिः॑ । उ॒ग्रः । शुभ॑म् । अ॒न्यः । ई॒य॒ते॒ ॥
indrāvaruṇā | yat | imāni | cakrathuḥ | viśvā | jātāni | bhuvanasya | majmanā | kṣemeṇa | mitraḥ | varuṇam | duvasyati | marut-bhiḥ | ugraḥ | śubham | anyaḥ | īyate
44
4 × ~11; clear syntactic turns marking different divine groupings.
Expansive declaration in first half, then balanced contrast (peaceful service vs fierce advance).
Gives a sense of cosmic architecture: first wideness/creation, then coordinated powers moving the psyche toward luminous good.
- चक्रथुः (cakrathuḥ)
- Literal: you two have made/fashioned. Symbolic: divine formation of states of consciousness and life-experiences
- विश्वा जातानि (viśvā jātāni)
- Literal: all births/beings. Symbolic: all emergent formations in the inner and outer world
- भुवनस्य मज्मना (bhuvanasya majmanā)
- Literal: by the greatness of the world/your vastness. Symbolic: by the Vast (bṛhat) power that sustains manifestation
- क्षेमेण (kṣemeṇa)
- Literal: by peace/security. Symbolic: by settled harmony and protected poise
- मित्रः (mitraḥ)
- Literal: Mitra. Symbolic: harmonizing light, right relation, concord
- मरुद्भिः (marudbhiḥ)
- Literal: with the Maruts. Symbolic: with dynamic life-energies, impulsions, prāṇic forces disciplined for progress
- उग्रः (ugraḥ)
- Literal: fierce, strong. Symbolic: decisive force that breaks inertia and resistance
- शुभम् (śubham)
- Literal: bright, auspicious good. Symbolic: luminous good; the higher rightness toward which evolution moves
Integrative theology verse: situates Indra-Varuṇa within a wider divine economy (Mitra/Maruts), useful in rites emphasizing concord (Mitra-Varuṇa) and forceful overcoming (Indra-Maruts).
When seeking both social harmony and decisive progress—e.g., before major undertakings or communal decisions.
Recitation to align multiple deities/powers for a balanced outcome: peace-based order plus energetic advance.
Use when balancing diplomacy (Mitra-Varuṇa) with decisive execution (Indra-Maruts) in leadership or personal discipline.
cakráthur (perf. 2du) from √kṛ ‘do, make’ (PIE *kwer-). Mitra ‘friend/contract’ from √mi ‘to bind/measure’ (semantic of alliance), paired with Varuṇa’s binding law. Marút from √mar ‘to shine/sparkle; to be fierce’ (storm deities), here as dynamic life-powers.
Cosmic formation (jātāni), Harmony (Mitra) supporting law (Varuṇa), Auspicious becoming (śubha)
Varuṇa’s ṛta is stabilized by Mitra’s harmonious peace; Indra enforces forward movement within ṛta.
Śubham as truth-made-beautiful: the good that shines when truth manifests in life.
All births are fashioned by a joint sovereignty—order and illumination as creative principles.
Integral evolution: harmonizing and dynamic powers cooperate to manifest a higher good.
Storm = dynamic prāṇic energies; peace = stable inner equilibrium; shining good = higher luminous state toward which energies move.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- A mythologem of coordinated divine functions: Mitra (harmony) serves Varuṇa (law), while Indra with the Maruts advances toward the luminous good. It maps the inner path: peace establishes order; force breaks resistance to reach śubha (the shining fulfillment).
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- √kṛ ‘make’ is pan-Indo-European. The social-legal semantics of Mitra/Varuṇa reflect archaic Indo-Iranian treaty/order concepts also seen in Avestan Mithra and Ahuraic order; the verse preserves a shared Indo-Iranian ideological lexicon of contract and cosmic law.
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The rishi frames his invocation within cosmic precedent: since the gods established the world’s births, they can re-establish the aspirant’s inner world—through Mitra’s concord, Varuṇa’s purification, and Indra’s forceful advance with the Marut energies.
Integrate three movements: wideness and law (Varuṇa), harmonious peace (Mitra), and forceful progress (Indra-Maruts) toward the luminous good.
anāhata (peace/harmony) coordinating with maṇipūra (force) under ājñā (direction toward śubham)
Three-part breathing: inhale widen (Varuṇa), hold softly in peace (Mitra), exhale with gentle power/intention (Indra-Maruts).
Wide, harmonized, and forward-moving; a calm drive toward higher good.
After chanting, ask: (1) Where do I need more kṣema (peaceful order)? (2) Where do I need ugra clarity (decisive action)? Commit one action aligned with śubham.
Tri-svara; emphasize udātta on viśvā, kṣemeṇa, mitro, marudbhiḥ, śubham.
Make a clear semantic break after the first half (creation statement) before moving into Mitra/Maruts contrast; keep cadence dignified.
cakrathuḥ: aspirate th clearly., majmanā: pronounce jma cluster smoothly., duvasyati: keep v soft, not ‘b’., marudbhiḥ: bh aspirated; avoid dropping the cluster.
Wide and composed in first half; slightly more energized brightness in the Indra-Maruts pāda.
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