Rig Veda 8.40.3: Mandala 8, Sukta 40, Mantra 3

Sukta 8.40

Rishi: Nabhāka (traditional)

Devata: Indrāgnī

Chandas: Jagatī (probable; needs metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ता हि मध्यं भराणामिन्द्राग्नी अधिक्षितः । ता उ कवित्वना कवी पृच्छ्यमाना सखीयते सं धीतमश्नुतं नरा नभन्तामन्यके समे ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 8.40.3

Transliteration

tā́ hí mádhyaṃ bhárāṇām indrā́gnī adhikṣitáḥ | tā́ u kavitvanā́ kavī́ pṛcchyámānā sakhīyaté sáṃ dhītám aśnutaṃ nárā nábhantām anyaké samé ||

Translation

Indra aur Agni dono ladai ke beech mein khade rehte hain. Woh dono rishi hain jo sab jaante hain. Jab log unse poochte hain toh woh dosti karte hain. Woh dono mil ke sochte hain aur sahi raasta batate hain. Dushman log yahan se bhag jaayein.

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Word by Word

• तौ: those two (they)
• तौ: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (निपात)

• मध्यम्: the middle; the midst
• मध्यम्: कर्म / अधिकरण (अर्थानुसार)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively) / Noun
• Root: मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• भराणाम्: of the bearers/supports; of the offerings (contextual)
• भराणाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: भर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘भरण’/‘भर’ = bearing, support; also ‘भरा’ as ‘offerings’ in Vedic usage)

• इन्द्राग्नी: O Indra and Agni
• इन्द्राग्नी: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (dual deity name)
• Root: इन्द्र + अग्नि (समासः: द्वन्द्व)

• अधिक्षितः: dwelling over; presiding
• अधिक्षितः: कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective / Participle
• Root: अधि + क्षि (धातु ‘क्षि’ = dwell, rule) → ‘अधिक्षित’ (कृदन्त-विशेषण)

• तौ: those two
• तौ: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• उ: and, also
• उ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उ (निपात)

• कवित्वना: by poetic skill; with poethood
• कवित्वना: करण
• Type: Noun (instrumental abstract)
• Root: कवित्व (प्रातिपदिक) < कवि

• कवी: the two poets/sages
• कवी: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: कवि (प्रातिपदिक)

• पृच्छ्यमाना: being asked; when questioned
• पृच्छ्यमाना: कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Participle
• Root: प्रच्छ् (धातु ‘प्रच्छ्’ = ask) → पृच्छ्यमान (वर्तमान-कर्तरि/कर्मणि कृदन्त; here passive)

• सखीयते: becomes friendly; is allied
• सखीयते: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: सखी (प्रातिपदिक) + य (धातु ‘या/इ’ with denominative/causative-like formation) → सखीयते (आत्मनेपद)

• सम्: together; completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• धीतम्: the hymn/thought
• धीतम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun / Past participle used as noun
• Root: धी (प्रातिपदिक ‘धीत’ = thought, hymn; or √धी ‘to think’)

• अश्नुतम्: attain (you two)
• अश्नुतम्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: अश् (धातु ‘अश्’ = attain, reach)

• नरा: O two men/heroic ones
• नरा: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)

• नभन्ताम्: let them shine forth / let them burst forth
• नभन्ताम्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: नभ् (धातु ‘नभ्’ = burst forth, shine; in Vedic also ‘to cloud/cover’ depending on context)

• अन्यके: in another (place/way); elsewhere
• अन्यके: अधिकरण
• Type: Adjective / Pronoun-like
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक) + -क (प्रत्यय) → अन्यक

• समे: in the level place; in union/evenness
• समे: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun / Adjective used adverbially
• Root: सम (प्रातिपदिक)