Rig Veda 4.3.12: Mandala 4, Sukta 3, Mantra 12

Sukta 4.3

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (attributed for RV 4.3)

Devata: Agni (with Āpaḥ as associated divine powers)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ऋतेन देवीरमृता अमृक्ता अर्णोभिरापो मधुमद्भिरग्ने । वाजी न सर्गेषु प्रस्तुभानः प्र सदमित्स्रवितवे दधन्युः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 4.3.12

Transliteration

ṛténa devī́r amṛ́tā amṛ́ktā árṇo-bhir ā́po mádhu-madbhir agne | vājī́ ná sárgeṣu pra-stubhānáḥ prá sádám ít srávitave dadhanyúḥ ||

Translation

Agni, paani ki shakti dekh. Yeh paani amrit jaisa hai, kisi cheez se mila nahi. Isme meetha pan hai. Yeh apni dhaar ke saath aage badhta hai. Jaise koi tez ghoda daud mein aage nikalta hai, waise hi yeh paani bhi apni awaaz ke saath bahata hai. Yeh lagatar bahata rehta hai.

Ask anything about this verse...Ask

Word by Word

• ऋतेन: by/with ṛta (cosmic order, truth)
• ऋतेन: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (प्रातिपदिक) < √ऋ (गति/ऋ-धातु; ‘ऋत’ = cosmic order, truth)

• देवीः: the goddesses
• देवीः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवी (प्रातिपदिक) < देव (divine)

• अमृताः: immortal
• अमृताः: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अमृत (प्रातिपदिक) = a-mṛta ‘not mortal’

• अमृक्ताः: unsoiled, pure
• अमृक्ताः: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अमृक्त (प्रातिपदिक) < √मृज्/मृक्ष् (मार्जने/शोधने) + नञ्; ‘unsoiled, untainted’

• अर्णोभिः: with floods/waves
• अर्णोभिः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्णस्/अर्ण (प्रातिपदिक) ‘flood, wave, stream’

• आपः: the waters
• आपः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: आप् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘waters’

• मधुमद्भिः: with honeyed/sweet (streams)
• मधुमद्भिः: करण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मधुमत् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘honey-sweet, having honey’

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• वाजी: the prize-winner / the swift one
• वाजी: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वाजिन् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘swift/strong; prize-winning’

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• सर्गेषु: in the rushes/onslaughts
• सर्गेषु: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्ग (प्रातिपदिक) < √सृज् (सर्जने) ‘sending forth, rush, onset’

• प्रस्तुभानः: chanting forth (praise)
• प्रस्तुभानः: कर्तृ
• Type: Participle
• Root: प्र-स्तुभ् (धातु) ‘to chant forth, to praise aloud’ → वर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ/शानच्)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• सदम्: always
• सदम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदम् (अव्यय) ‘always, continually’

• इत्: indeed
• इत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत् (अव्यय/निपात) ‘indeed, just’

• स्रवितवे: to flow, to stream
• स्रवितवे: प्रयोजन (उद्देश्य)
• Type: Verbal noun (Infinitive)
• Root: √स्रु (स्रवणे ‘to flow’) → तुमुन्/तवेन्-प्रत्ययान्त infinitive

• दधन्युः: they set/placed (themselves) / they put forth
• दधन्युः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा (धारणे/स्थापने) ; Vedic injunctive/aorist-type form