Rig Veda 4.20.4: Mandala 4, Sukta 20, Mantra 4

Sukta 4.20

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify metrically)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उशन्नु षु णः सुमना उपाके सोमस्य नु सुषुतस्य स्वधावः । पा इन्द्र प्रतिभृतस्य मध्वः समन्धसा ममदः पृष्ठ्येन ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 4.20.4

Transliteration

uśán nu ṣú ṇaḥ su-manā upā́ke sómasya nu su-sútasya svadhāvaḥ | pā́ indra práti-bhṛtasya mádhvaḥ sám andhasā mamadaḥ pṛṣṭhyéna ||

Translation

Indra, tum humare paas aao aur hum par meharbani karo. Tum apni taqat ke malik ho. Yeh madhu humne tumhe diya hai, isko piyo. Som ras ki taqat se tum khush ho jao aur taqat paao.

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Word by Word

• उशन्: desiring, wishing
• उशन्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (present participle)
• Root: वश् (इच्छायाम्) / उश् (कामे) → उशन्त्

• उ: indeed, and
• उ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उ (निपात)

• षु: verily, just
• षु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: षु (निपात)

• णः: of us / to us
• णः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (प्रथमपुरुष-बहुवचन सर्वनाम) → नः

• सुमनाः: kind-minded, gracious
• सुमनाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-मनस् (प्रातिपदिक) → सुमनस्

• उपाके: nearby, in proximity
• उपाके: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun (locative)
• Root: उपाक (प्रातिपदिक) / उप + अञ्च् (निकटे) → ‘near’

• सोमस्य: of Soma
• सोमस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम (प्रातिपदिक)

• नु: now, indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु (निपात)

• सुषुतस्य: well-pressed
• सुषुतस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective (past passive participle used substantively)
• Root: सु-षु (धातु: षु/सु ‘to press/express’) → सुषुत (ppp)

• स्वधावः: O possessor of svadhā (innate power/food-offering)
• स्वधावः: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun/Adjective (vocative epithet)
• Root: स्वधा-वस् (प्रातिपदिक) / स्वधा (न.) + वस् (possessive) → स्वधावस्

• पा: drink!
• पा: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: पा (पाने)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रतिभृतस्य: of what is brought/presented (to you)
• प्रतिभृतस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective (ppp)
• Root: प्रति-भृ (धातु: भृ धारणे) → प्रतिभृत (ppp)

• मध्वः: of the sweet drink (mead/Soma-juice)
• मध्वः: Karma (object of ‘पा’ via genitive of content)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (प्रातिपदिक)

• सम्: together, fully
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• अन्धसा: with the Soma-draught
• अन्धसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्धस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘Soma-juice, draught’

• ममदः: he became exhilarated / rejoiced
• ममदः: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: मद् (हर्षे/मादने) → ममद (perfect) / injunctive-like RV usage

• पृष्ठ्येन: with the back(-support)/with the ‘pṛṣṭhya’ (supporting chant/strength)
• पृष्ठ्येन: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: पृष्ठ्य (प्रातिपदिक) < पृष्ठ (back) + य (adj.)