Rig Veda 2.30.8: Mandala 2, Sukta 30, Mantra 8
Sukta 2.30
Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)
Devata: Sarasvatī (with Indra as executing slayer in the second hemistich)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
सरस्वति त्वमस्माँ अविड्ढि मरुत्वती धृषती जेषि शत्रून् । त्यं चिच्छर्धन्तं तविषीयमाणमिन्द्रो हन्ति वृषभं शण्डिकानाम् ॥
Transliteration
sárasvati tvám asmā́n aviḍḍhi marútvatī dhṛṣatī́ jéṣi śátrūn | tyáṃ cic chárdhantaṃ taviṣī́-yamāṇam índro hanti vṛṣabháṃ śáṇḍikānām ||
Translation
Saraswati, hamare liye raasta bana. Tu himmat wali hai, dushmanon ko hara. Jo bhi takat juta ke aata hai, Indra usey maarta hai.
Word by Word
सरस्वतिO Sarasvatī
सरस्वति:
सम्बोधन (addressed deity)
TypeNoun (vocative)
Rootसरस्वती- (प्रातिपदिक) < √सृ (सरति ‘to flow’) + -स्वती
त्वम्thou
त्वम्:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अस्मान्us
अस्मान्:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अविड्ढिfind (for us) / win / procure
अविड्ढि:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√विद् (विन्दति/विदति ‘to find, obtain; to know’) — Vedic injunctive/imperative formation
मरुत्वतीO Marut-attended (one)
मरुत्वती:
सम्बोधन
TypeAdjective (vocative, feminine)
Rootमरुत्वत्- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘having the Maruts’
धृषतीO bold (one)
धृषती:
सम्बोधन
TypeAdjective (vocative, feminine)
Rootधृषत्- (प्रातिपदिक) < √धृष् ‘to be bold, to dare’
जेषिconquer
जेषि:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√जि (जयति ‘to conquer’)
शत्रून्enemies
शत्रून्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु- (प्रातिपदिक)
त्यम्that (yonder)
त्यम्:
कर्म
TypePronoun (demonstrative)
Rootतद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) — वैदिक रूप ‘त्य’ (दूर/प्रसिद्ध-सूचक)
चित्even
चित्:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित् (निपात)
शर्धन्तम्assailing, raging
शर्धन्तम्:
कर्म (विशेषण-रूपेण)
TypeParticiple (adjectival)
Rootशर्धत्- (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त) < √शर्ध्/शृध् ‘to be violent/hostile; to assail’ (Vedic) — present participle
तविषीयमाणम्mustering strength / growing mighty
तविषीयमाणम्:
कर्म (विशेषण-रूपेण)
TypeParticiple (middle)
Rootतविषीय- (denom./intensive stem) < तविषी- ‘strength, might’
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र- (प्रातिपदिक)
हन्तिslays
हन्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√हन् (हन्ति ‘to strike, slay’)
वृषभम्the bull (chief)
वृषभम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootवृषभ- (प्रातिपदिक)
शण्डिकानाम्of the Śaṇḍikas
शण्डिकानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun (genitive plural)
Rootशण्डिक- (प्रातिपदिक) (tribal/clan name; ‘Śaṇḍikas’)
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