Rig Veda 2.23.1: Mandala 2, Sukta 23, Mantra 1

Sukta 2.23

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (of the Bhṛgu-Aṅgiras line)

Devata: Bṛhaspati / Brahmaṇaspati (Lord of the Word; organizer of the inner hosts)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

गणानां त्वा गणपतिं हवामहे कविं कवीनामुपमश्रवस्तमम् । ज्येष्ठराजं ब्रह्मणां ब्रह्मणस्पत आ नः शृण्वन्नूतिभिः सीद सादनम् ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 2.23.1

Transliteration

gaṇā́nāṃ tvā gaṇá-patiṃ havāmahe kavíṃ kavīnā́m upamá-śravas-tamam | jyeṣṭhá-rājaṃ bráhmaṇāṃ brahmaṇas-pate ā́ naḥ śṛṇván ūtí-bhiḥ sīda sā́danam ||

Translation

Hum aapko bula rahe hain, jo sab gunon ke swami hain. Aap rishiyon mein bhi sabse bade rishi hain, aapki badai sabse zyada hai. Aap sabse bade raja ho, sab mantra aur shabdon ke guru ho. Humein suniye, aur apni madad lekar hamare dil mein aake baithiye.

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Word by Word

• गणानाम्: of the groups/hosts
• गणानाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation) — ‘of the hosts’
• Type: Noun
• Root: गण (प्रातिपदिक)

• त्वा: you
• त्वा: कर्म (object) — ‘you’ (whom we invoke)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• गणपतिम्: the lord of hosts
• गणपतिम्: कर्म (object) — apposition to त्वा
• Type: Noun
• Root: गणपति (प्रातिपदिक)

• हवामहे: we invoke
• हवामहे: क्रिया (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ह्वा (ह्वयति/ह्वयते) ‘to call, invoke’

• कविम्: the sage/poet
• कविम्: कर्म (object) — further apposition to त्वा
• Type: Noun
• Root: कवि (प्रातिपदिक)

• कवीनाम्: of poets
• कवीनाम्: सम्बन्ध — ‘of poets’
• Type: Noun
• Root: कवि (प्रातिपदिक)

• उपमश्रवस्तमम्: most renowned / of best fame
• उपमश्रवस्तमम्: विशेषण (qualifier) of त्वा/गणपतिम्/कविम्
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उपमश्रवस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘having the best fame/renown’)

• ज्येष्ठराजम्: the foremost king
• ज्येष्ठराजम्: कर्म — apposition to त्वा
• Type: Noun (compound title)
• Root: ज्येष्ठराज (प्रातिपदिक; ‘eldest/foremost king’)

• ब्रह्मणाम्: of sacred prayers/formulas
• ब्रह्मणाम्: सम्बन्ध — ‘of prayers/sacred formulations’
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• ब्रह्मणस्पते: O Lord of prayer (Bṛhaspati)
• ब्रह्मणस्पते: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: ब्रह्मणस्-पति (प्रातिपदिक; ‘lord of brahman/prayer’)

• आ: hither, to us
• आ: क्रियाविशेषण (directional particle) modifying सीद
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• नः: to us / for us
• नः: सम्प्रदान (recipient) of aid/coming
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• शृण्वन्: hearing
• शृण्वन्: कर्तृविशेषण — qualifying the addressed deity (‘while hearing’)
• Type: Verbal adjective (present participle)
• Root: √श्रु ‘to hear’

• ऊतिभिः: with helps/aids
• ऊतिभिः: करण (instrument/means) — ‘with aids’
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊति (प्रातिपदिक) ‘help, aid’

• सीद: sit; take your seat
• सीद: क्रिया (imperative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सद् ‘to sit, settle, take seat’

• सादनम्: the seat/abode
• सादनम्: कर्म/अधिकरण (goal/place) with सीद — ‘sit (upon) the seat’
• Type: Noun
• Root: सादन (प्रातिपदिक) ‘seat, sitting-place’