Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 52, Shloka 102

गङ्गातरणम्, सुमन्त्र-प्रतिनिवर्तनम्, जटाधारणम्

Crossing the Gaṅgā; Sumantra’s Return; Adoption of Ascetic Signs

Devanagari script

तौ तत्र हत्वा चतुरो महामृगान्वराहमृश्यं पृषतं महारुरुम्।आदाय मेध्यं त्वरितं बुभुक्षितौवासाय काले ययतुर्वनस्पतिम्।।2.52.102।।

Transliteration

tau tatra hatvā caturo mahāmṛgān varāham ṛśyaṃ pṛṣataṃ mahārurum | ādāya medhyaṃ tvaritaṃ bubhukṣitau vāsāya kāle yayatur vanaspatim ||

Translation

ત્યાં સાંજના સમયે નિવાસ માટે, ભૂખ્યા થયેલા તે બે જણાએ ચાર મહામૃગો—વરાહ, ઋષ્ય, પૃષત અને મહારુરુ—વધ કર્યા. પવિત્ર માંસ ઝડપથી લઈને તેઓ રાત્રિવાસ માટે એક વૃક્ષ પાસે ગયા.

Word by Word

• tau: those two (Rama and Lakshmana)
• tau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual (द्विवचन)

• tatra: there
• tatra: Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देशाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• hatvā: having killed
• hatvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √han (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), ‘having killed’

• caturaḥ: four
• caturaḥ: Karma (कर्म) (as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: catur (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); numeral adjective qualifying 'mahāmṛgān'

• mahāmṛgān: great wild animals
• mahāmṛgān: Karma (कर्म) (object of 'hatvā')
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā-mṛga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya compound; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• varāham: a boar
• varāham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: varāha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); in apposition to 'mahāmṛgān'

• ṛśyam: a r̥śya (antelope)
• ṛśyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛśya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); in apposition

• pṛṣatam: a spotted deer
• pṛṣatam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pṛṣata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); in apposition

• mahārurum: a great ruru deer
• mahārurum: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā-ruru (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya compound; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); in apposition

• ādāya: having taken
• ādāya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√dā (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), ‘having taken’

• medhyam: pure, fit for offering
• medhyam: Karma (कर्म) (as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: medhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying implied 'māṃsaṃ' (meat)

• tvaritam: quickly
• tvaritam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tvarita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adverbial accusative (क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण द्वितीया)

• bubhukṣitau: famished
• bubhukṣitau: Karta (कर्ता) (as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √bhuj (धातु) + bubhukṣita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Desiderative-based past participle; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual (द्विवचन); qualifying 'tau'

• vāsāya: for resting/dwelling
• vāsāya: Sampradāna/Prayojana (सम्प्रदान/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (commonly m.), Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular (एकवचन); purpose

• kāle: at evening time
• kāle: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• yayatuḥ: they went/reached
• yayatuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √yā (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Dual (द्विवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• vanaspatim: a tree
• vanaspatim: Karma (कर्म) (goal of motion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vanaspati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

You have done enough. I shall now leave the chariot and walk into the great forest.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Tree (vanaspati)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A disciplined life in hardship: dharma in exile includes living simply, taking only what is needed, and maintaining purity/fitness (medhya) even in subsistence.

What is the narrative situation?

During their forest travel, Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa procure food and find a place to rest for the night.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Endurance and self-regulation: they adapt to forest conditions without complaint, keeping their journey steady and ordered.