तथा पापसमाचारा मनुष्याः शीलवर्जिताः । दुष्टचित्ताः सदा सर्वे तिर्यग्योनिगता अपि
tathā pāpasamācārā manuṣyāḥ śīlavarjitāḥ | duṣṭacittāḥ sadā sarve tiryagyonigatā api
De plus, les hommes de là-bas s’adonnent à des conduites pécheresses, dépourvus de bonne tenue; tous, toujours au cœur mauvais—comme s’ils étaient tombés dans des naissances animales.
Raktaśṛṅga
Type: kshetra
Listener: implicit interlocutor within the narrative frame
Scene: Raktaśṛṅga describes morally fallen people; visualized as shadowed figures with harsh expressions, contrasted with a faint distant shrine/light suggesting the possibility of redemption through tīrtha.
Moral degradation is portrayed as a fall from true humanity; the implied remedy in a Tīrthamāhātmya is purification and reorientation through sacred places and dharma.
Not named in this verse; it supports the narrative frame in which Nāgabila’s sanctity counters the impurity of the mortal realm.
None explicitly; the verse functions as a moral diagnosis rather than a ritual instruction.