वर्धमाने पुरे पूर्वमासीदंत्यजजातिजः । चण्डालः कुंभकोनाम निर्दयः पापकर्मकृत्
vardhamāne pure pūrvamāsīdaṃtyajajātijaḥ | caṇḍālaḥ kuṃbhakonāma nirdayaḥ pāpakarmakṛt
Autrefois, dans la cité de Vardhamāna, vivait un homme né parmi les communautés proscrites : un Caṇḍāla nommé Kumbhaka, cruel et voué aux actes de péché.
Viśvāmitra
Listener: The King
Scene: A harsh Caṇḍāla named Kumbhaka lives in Vardhamāna, depicted as cruel and engaged in sinful acts—an ethical low point before later karmic turns.
The narrative frames later outcomes through character and conduct (pāpakarma), stressing moral causality.
The city of Vardhamāna is named as the setting within the Nāgarakhaṇḍa Tīrthamāhātmya narrative.
None; it establishes the setting and moral profile of a key figure.